Layer-by-layer assembled hydrophobic coatings for cellulose nanofibril films and textiles, made of polylysine and natural wax particles

Forsman, Nina; Lozhechnikova, Alina; Khakalo, Alexey; Johansson, Leena‐Sisko; Vartiainen, Jari; Österberg, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.007

Cited by 94 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…technical textile applications. 138 The possibility to apply particulate coating from aqueous dispersion of spherical lignin particles cuts off the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), contributing to the waste prevention goal.…”

Section: Coatings and Paintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical lignin particles: a review on their sustainability and applications

et al. 2020

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Section: Coatings and Paintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical lignin particles: a review on their sustainability and applications

et al. 2020

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“…Hydrophobization by wax coatings has gained scientific interest, and to overcome the lack of breathability of solid wax films, different ways of producing colloidal wax particles have been recently reported (Lozhechnikova, Bellanger, Michen, Burgert, & Österberg, 2017;Morrissette et al, 2018;Wang, Qian, & Shen, 2018). However, so far very few of the methods utilize solely wax and water without any surfactants and other solvents and the scalability of the methods have not been thoroughly assessed (Forsman et al, 2017;Lozhechnikova et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open coating with natural wax particles enables scalable, non-toxic hydrophobation of cellulose-based textiles

Forsman

Johansson

Koivula

et al. 2020

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…Therefore, the CW-treated wood has been shown to have a water contact angle to be higher than 120 • , as well as improved moisture buffering based on noncontinuous coating of CW particles [27]. The wax film is durable, and consecutive thermal treatment leads to melting of the wax particles, even causing no decrease in the hydrophobicity [28]. It can be concluded that wood coated with a CW emulsion may repel water well.…”

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Improved Water Repellency and Dimensional Stability of Wood via Impregnation with an Epoxidized Linseed Oil and Carnauba Wax Complex Emulsion

Chen

Wang

Cao

et al. 2020

Forests

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Natural wood is susceptible to moisture during its practical use, limiting not only service life but also the range of uses. In this study, plant extracts, specifically linseed oil and carnauba wax (both environmentally friendly and water-repellent substances), were examined as a means to mitigate limitations of natural wood. Stable and homogenous epoxidized linseed oil/carnauba wax emulsions with an average particle size less than 230 nm were used as a modifier to enhance the performance of wood. Weight percentage gain, bulking coefficient, micromorphology, chemical structure, moisture adsorption, contact angle, water repellency, and dimensional stability of treated wood were measured. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was observed that carnauba wax and epoxidized linseed oil acted as a mechanical barrier and could partially cover or block vessels, pits, and wood rays. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of wood increased significantly after emulsion impregnation. However, there was no obvious chemical reaction between epoxidized linseed oil and the main components of wood in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. The combined effect of epoxidized linseed oil and carnauba wax was apparent in both decreased water absorption and dimensional deformation. Poplar wood impregnated with an epoxidized linseed oil/carnauba wax complex emulsion shows potential for improving water-related properties. Thus, the complex emulsion modification can improve the inherent shortcoming of poplar wood effectively.More than that, the hygroscopicity can be minimized by the decreased or covered hydroxy achieved via chemical modification of wood, such as acetylation [8], esterification [9], furfurylation [10], and so on. However, the chemical modifications might be somewhat environmentally unfavorable [11]. It is well-known that there is an increasing need for green and renewable materials, such as waxes and oils, derived from plants [12].Linseed oil (LO) is a hydrophobic, ecofriendly, non-expensive product derived from dried seeds of flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.) [6]. As a drying oil, LO can block the lumen of the wood and form a stable LO film on pore surfaces after entering the interior of the wood by conventional impregnation techniques [13]. LO could reduce water uptake and increase biological resistance of wood [6,14]. Since no chemical linking is established between wood and oil, the LO impregnation could only reduce the water adsorption rate but not the final moisture content [15]. Furthermore, the oxidative polymerization of LO needs extensive time, resulting in oil to exude from the wood [16]. Linseed oil that has been epoxidized (ELO) may speed up oxidative polymerization [17]. Compared with wood treated with LO, ELO-treated wood has shown significant performance improvements in anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), water repellency, biodegradation resistance, and leaching resistance [18][19][20]. The main improvement mechanism of ELO-modified wood was correlated to the covalent bonding to the woo...

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Layer-by-layer assembled hydrophobic coatings for cellulose nanofibril films and textiles, made of polylysine and natural wax particles

Cited by 94 publications

References 65 publications

Spherical lignin particles: a review on their sustainability and applications

Spherical lignin particles: a review on their sustainability and applications

Open coating with natural wax particles enables scalable, non-toxic hydrophobation of cellulose-based textiles

Improved Water Repellency and Dimensional Stability of Wood via Impregnation with an Epoxidized Linseed Oil and Carnauba Wax Complex Emulsion

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