Layer-by-Layer Coating of Single-Cell Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus to Increase Viability Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions and Use in Film Formation

Abstract

Probiotics and prebiotics are widely used as functional food ingredients. Viability of probiotics in the food matrix and further in the digestive system is still a challenge for the food industry. Different approaches were used to enhance the viability of probiotics including microencapsulation and layer-by-layer cell coating. The of aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of coated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus using a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique with black seed protein (BSP) extracted from Nigella sativa defatted seeds cakes (NsDSC), as a coating material, with alginate, inulin, or glucomannan, separately, and the final number of coating layers was 3. The viable cell counts of the plain and coated L. rhamnosus were determined under sequential simulated gastric fluid (SGF) for 120 min and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) for 180 min. Additionally, the viability after exposure to 37, 45, and 55°C for 30 min was also determined. Generally, the survivability of coated L. rhamnosus showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvement (<4, 3, and 1.5 logs reduction for glucomannan, alginate and inulin, respectively) compared with plain cells (∼6.7 log reduction) under sequential exposure to SGF and SIF. Moreover, the cells coated with BSP and inulin showed the best protection for L. rhamnosus under high temperatures. Edible films prepared with pectin with LbL-coated cells showed significantly higher values in their tensile strength (TS) of 50% and elongation at the break (EB) of 32.5% than pectin without LbL-coated cells. The LbL technique showed a significant protection of probiotic cells and potential use in food application.

Compound probiotics microcapsules improve milk yield and milk quality of dairy cows by regulating intestinal flora

“…For probiotics to work effectively in the gut, they must avoid the disruptive effects of gastric acid (Vivek et al, 2023). Microcapsule encapsulation serves as a mechanism to facilitate the smooth passage of probiotics into the intestinal tract, allowing for the release of significant numbers of viable bacteria (Sbehat et al, 2022). Consequently, the acid resistance of different wall materials used in microcapsules was tested to identify the composite wall material with the highest level of acid resistance to ensure maximum probiotic survival.…”

Metal‐Phenolic Network Directed Coating of Single Probiotic Cell Followed by Photoinitiated Thiol‐Ene Click Fortification to Enhance Oral Therapy

“…Previous studies required at least four coating layers, such as (chitosan@sodium alginate) 2 , (chitosan@sodium phytate) 2 , and (black seed protein@inulin) 2 , to provide effective protection. [ 15–17,19 ] In this study, only two layers were enough to effectively improve the survival of probiotics, which greatly simplified the LbL coating operation.…”

“…[13] One of the most promising singlecell encapsulation methods is the layerby-layer (LbL) technique, usually depending on electrostatic attraction by alternate exposure of probiotics to negative-and positive-charged coating materials. [14] Although many biopolymers, such as chitosan, alginate, and carboxymethyl cellulose, have been applied, [15][16][17] LbL encapsulation of a single probiotic cell necessitates multilayer coatings (usually at least four layers) to ensure satisfactory protection, leading to tedious multistep operation and waste of coating materials. [18] Additionally, excessive coating layers can impair the metabolic activity and proliferation of probiotics.…”

Exploiting Hydrogen Interaction of Drugs and Biodegradable Scaffolds Using Nanoparticles Loaded Nanofibers

“…LbL is a green way to prepare multifunctional drug delivers in aqueous media without harmful solvents, high temperatures, and ionic additives. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Incorporation of IBU/TS@Fe 3 O 4 /DSA core shell on the surface of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan nanofiber was carried out by bioactive molecule immobilization or conjugation methods. Polyvinyl alcoholchitosan electrospun is prepared within the electrospinning technique.…”

“…Ibuprofen (IBU) and tetracycline loading on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 @DSA NPs was performed via layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly method. LbL is a green way to prepare multifunctional drug delivers in aqueous media without harmful solvents, high temperatures, and ionic additives [17–22] . Incorporation of IBU/TS@Fe 3 O 4 /DSA core shell on the surface of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan nanofiber was carried out by bioactive molecule immobilization or conjugation methods.…”