2013
DOI: 10.1021/ie302979d
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Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Polymeric Membranes: A Life Cycle Assessment Study

Abstract: Membrane processes are widely used in wastewater treatment and for removal of contaminants from drinking water. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can be integrated into membranes structure to enhance their performance (e g, fouling mitigation and improvement of permeate quality). However, in order to ensure a sustainable use of nanoactivated membrane, the potential environmental impacts should be evaluated in an early stage of their development. In this study, we performed a cradle to gate life cycle assessment … Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…To further improve the supported membrane performance, one of the most promising methods of surface modification is the deposition of nano-sized layers on the polymer layer surface [ 33 , 34 ]. This may be easily achieved by a simple, modern, and cost-effective layer-by-layer (Lbl) technique [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Rapid developments of the Lbl method have included the deposition of PEL on a film, providing tailored characteristics.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To further improve the supported membrane performance, one of the most promising methods of surface modification is the deposition of nano-sized layers on the polymer layer surface [ 33 , 34 ]. This may be easily achieved by a simple, modern, and cost-effective layer-by-layer (Lbl) technique [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Rapid developments of the Lbl method have included the deposition of PEL on a film, providing tailored characteristics.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Second, the self-assembled layer method is not suitable or useful for multi-layer fabrication [26]. To create a multi-layer film on the membrane surface, a relatively modern approach is applied, which is layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition [27][28][29][30]. This method is simple, inexpensive and suitable for many polymer materials; it is also easily automated.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on the intermolecular interactions among the constructed materials, various functional building blocks have been introduced in the construction of multilayers, and different kinds of functions have been realized in the resulting films. Among the plentiful building blocks in the LbL process, nanoparticles have attracted broad attention because of their inherent unique properties and the extraordinary functions of the assembled materials for optical, magnetic, electronic, mechanical, catalytic, and biological applications. One of the issues involved in the LbL assembly of nanoparticles, especially LbL assembly in nonwater phases using hydrogen bonding or coordination bonding as driving forces, is the aggregation of nanoparticles after they are deposited on substrates.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%