Layer‐by‐Layer Solution Processing Method for Organic Solar Cells

Li, Xinrui; Du, Xiaoyang; Zhao, Juewen; Lin, Hui; Zheng, Caijun

doi:10.1002/solr.202000592

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…The historical technology progresses motivate us to take serious effort integrating controllable gradient concept with BHJ—forming graded BHJ (G-BHJ) realized by sequential deposition (SD) method. In this method, we deposit the D and A layers sequentially, enabling optimization and regulation of the D and A individually with well-maintained crystallinity of materials 33 , 34 . Furthermore, the D layer and A layer are processed separately, leaving large freedom for the selection of processing solvents, especially considering the use of green solvents, e.g., toluene, o -xylene (XY) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graded bulk-heterojunction enables 17% binary organic solar cells via nonhalogenated open air coating

et al. 2021

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Graded bulk-heterojunction (G-BHJ) with well-defined vertical phase separation has potential to surpass classical BHJ in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, an effective G-BHJ strategy via nonhalogenated solvent sequential deposition is demonstrated using nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) OSCs. Spin-coated G-BHJ OSCs deliver an outstanding 17.48% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (DP-XPS) and angle-dependent grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) techniques enable the visualization of polymer/NFA composition and crystallinity gradient distributions, which benefit charge transport, and enable outstanding thick OSC PCEs (16.25% for 300 nm, 14.37% for 500 nm), which are among the highest reported. Moreover, the nonhalogenated solvent enabled G-BHJ OSC via open-air blade coating and achieved a record 16.77% PCE. The blade-coated G-BHJ has drastically different D-A crystallization kinetics, which suppresses the excessive aggregation induced unfavorable phase separation in BHJ. All these make G-BHJ a feasible and promising strategy towards highly efficient, eco- and manufacture friendly OSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graded bulk-heterojunction enables 17% binary organic solar cells via nonhalogenated open air coating

et al. 2021

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“…Compared with the widely applied BHJ approach, the layerby-layer (LBL) structures via sequential depositing the donor and acceptor layers favor the formation of a p-i-n like structure, which has been regarded as a promising approach for OPV large-scale printing. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The construction of such morphology provides preferable vertical component distribution, leading to efficient charge collection at the corresponding electrodes. To Layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition strategy enabling favorable vertical phase distributions has been regarded as promising candidates for constructing high-efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Functional Solid Additive Induced Favorable Vertical Phase Separation and Ordered Molecular Packing for Highly Efficient Layer‐by‐Layer Organic Solar Cells

Cui

et al. 2021

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Layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition strategy enabling favorable vertical phase distributions has been regarded as promising candidates for constructing high‐efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. However, solid additives with the merits of good stability and reproducibility have been rarely used to fine‐tune the morphology of the LBL films for improved efficiency and stability. Herein, hierarchical morphology control in LBL OPV is achieved via a dual functional solid additive. Series of LBL devices are fabricated by introducing the solid additive individually or simultaneously to the donor or acceptor layer to clarify the functions of additives. Additive in the donor layer can facilitate the formation of preferable vertical component distribution, and that in the acceptor layer will enhance the molecular crystallinity for better charge transport properties. The optimized morphology ultimately contributed to high PCEs of 16.4% and 17.4% in the binary and quaternary LBL devices. This reported method provides an alternative way to controllably manipulate the morphology of LBL OPV cells.

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“…In this regard, solar energy, a low-cost, renewable, naturally abundant and clean energy source, has attracted enormous research effort as a promising alternative to traditional energy sources ( Subramanyam et al, 2019 ; Zhong et al, 2020 ; Rabaia et al, 2021 ). Among the new-generation photovoltaic devices that convert solar energy into electricity, organic solar cells (OSCs) are being widely investigated owing to their low production cost, facile fabrication procedure, abundance of raw materials, easy scalability, lightweight, excellent flexibility and environmentally friendly nature ( Gusain et al, 2019 ; Lee, 2019 ; Li et al, 2020a ; Shah et al, 2020 ; Shoyiga et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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In recent years, carbon-based materials, particularly carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have gained intensive research attention in the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their outstanding physicochemical properties, low-cost, environmental friendliness and the natural abundance of carbon. In this regard, the low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance of CNTs enables their application as alternative anodes to the widely used indium tin oxide (ITO), which is toxic, expensive and scarce. Also, the synergy between the large specific surface area and high electrical conductivity of CNTs provides both large donor-acceptor interfaces and conductive interpenetrating networks for exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport. Furthermore, the facile tunability of the energy levels of CNTs provides proper energy level alignment between the active layer and electrodes for effective extraction and transportation of charge carriers. In addition, the hydrophobic nature and high thermal conductivity of CNTs enables them to form protective layers that improve the moisture and thermal stability of OSCs, thereby prolonging the devices’ lifetime. Recently, the introduction of CNTs into OSCs produced a substantial increase in efficiency from ∼0.68 to above 14.00%. Thus, further optimization of the optoelectronic properties of CNTs can conceivably help OSCs to compete with silicon solar cells that have been commercialized. Therefore, this study presents the recent breakthroughs in efficiency and stability of OSCs, achieved mainly over 2018–2021 by incorporating CNTs into electrodes, active layers and charge transport layers. The challenges, advantages and recommendations for the fabrication of low-cost, highly efficient and sustainable next-generation OSCs are also discussed, to open up avenues for commercialization.

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Layer‐by‐Layer Solution Processing Method for Organic Solar Cells

Cited by 46 publications

References 126 publications

Graded bulk-heterojunction enables 17% binary organic solar cells via nonhalogenated open air coating

Graded bulk-heterojunction enables 17% binary organic solar cells via nonhalogenated open air coating

Multi‐Functional Solid Additive Induced Favorable Vertical Phase Separation and Ordered Molecular Packing for Highly Efficient Layer‐by‐Layer Organic Solar Cells

Recent Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Organic Solar Cells

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