Layered Antimicrobial Selenium Nanoparticle–Calcium Phosphate Coating on 3D Printed Scaffolds Enhanced Bone Formation in Critical Size Defects

Abstract

Preventing bacterial colonization on scaffolds while supporting tissue formation is highly desirable in tissue engineering as bacterial infection remains a clinically significant risk to any implanted biomaterials. Elemental selenium (Se0) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising antimicrobial biomaterial without tissue cell toxicity, yet it remains unknown if their biological properties are from soluble Se ions or from direct cell–nanoparticle interactions. To answer this question, in this study, we developed a layered coating consisting of a Se nanoparticle layer underneath a micrometer-thick, biomimetic calcium phosphate (CaP) layer. We showed, for the first time, that the release of soluble HSe– ions from the Se nanoparticles strongly inhibited planktonic growth and biofilm formation of key bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. The Se-CaP coating was found to support higher bone formation than the CaP-only coating in critical-size calvarial defects in rats; this finding could be directly attributed to the released soluble Se ions as the CaP layers in both groups had no detectable differences in the porous morphology, chemistry, and release of Ca or P. The Se-CaP coating was highly versatile and applicable to various surface chemistries as it formed through simple precipitation from aqueous solutions at room temperature and therefore could be promising in bone regeneration scaffolds or orthopedic implant applications.

Hydrogel contained valproic acid accelerates bone-defect repair via activating Notch signaling pathway in ovariectomized rats

“…When bone defect reaches a certain volume, it is difficult to complete bone-defect healing by its regeneration ability, especially combined with osteoporosis characterized by markedly impaired bone-repair ability [ 5 , 6 ]. Over the last few decades, bone-substitute materials have received significant attention, and numerous bone biomaterials researches have been reported [ 7 , 8 ]. While autologous bone graft is still considered to be the “Gold Standard” for bone-defect reconstruction, the complications such as extension of surgical time, increase of surgical sites, and infection chance and aggravation of patient pain may therefore promote people to find and design new alternative drugs and biological materials [ 9 ].…”

Surface treatment of 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V implants by ultraviolet photofunctionalization for improved osseointegration

“…Prior studies have documented various methods to enhance the osseointegration of 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V implants. However, these methods have several insurmountable disadvantages such as their high costs, extra surgical trauma, complicated preparation process with a long preparation time or the reduction of the mechanical strength of the scaffolds[ [ 27 ] [ 28 ]]. In this study, a special device was designed for the UV treatment of 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V implants, which was proved to be a simple and effective approach to improve osseointegration.…”

Fabrication of nanoparticles for bone regeneration: new insight into applications of nanoemulsion technology

“…bone morphogenetic proteins, BMPs, [8][9][10] osteopontin, 11 dexamethasone 12 ), antimicrobial agents (e.g. Ag, 13 CuO, 14 Se, 15 curcumin, [16][17][18] chlorhexidine, 19,20 ), anti-inflammatory factors (e.g. curcumin, [16][17][18]21 quercitrin 22,23 ), drugs inhibiting bone resorption (e.g.…”

“…7 Over the past few decades, many efforts have been devoted to improving properties of implant materials by their functionalization with nanoparticles such as osteoinductive hydroxyapatite nanocrystals resembling inorganic part of the bone or bioactive nanoparticles loaded with different types of drugs/biomolecules such as factors facilitating osteogenesis (e.g. bone morphogenetic proteins, BMPs, [8][9][10] osteopontin, 11 dexamethasone 12 ), antimicrobial (Ag, 13 CuO, 14 Se, 15 curcumin, [16][17][18] chlorhexidine 19,20 ) or anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. curcumin, [16][17][18]21 quercitrin 22,23 ) and drugs inhibiting bone resorption (e.g.…”