Layered double hydroxide nanostructures and nanocomposites for biomedical applications

Abstract

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanostructures and related nanocomposites have attracted significant interest in biomedical applications including cancer therapy, bioimaging and antibacterial treatment.These materials hold great advantages including low cost and facile preparation, convenient drug loading, high drug incorporation capacity, good biocompatibility, efficient intracellular uptake and endosome/lysosome escape, and natural biodegradability in an acidic environment. In this review, we summarize the development of three types of LDH nanostructures including pristine LDH, surface modified LDH, and LDH nanocomposites for a range of biomedical applications. The advantages and disadvantages of LDH nanostructures and insights into the future development are also discussed. Fig. 3 Schematic diagram showing the proposed intracellular trafficking of LMWH-LDH nanoparticles in SMC. Both LMWH (A) and LMWH-LDH (B) are internalized by SMC via endocytosis; however, LMWH-LDH has the capacity of 'endosomal escape' preventing the degradation of LMWH in lysosomal compartments. LMWH-LDH and LMWH act to inhibit the MAPK pathway. 57 (Reproduced from Elsevier with permission.)

Biocompatible Hydrotalcite Nanohybrids for Medical Functions

“…(4) The flexibility of manipulation on the nanometer scale of LDH-based nanocomposites is a superior advantage. This research field should be expanded, especially synergistic integration with various materials which can enhance the performance of LDH or complement the limitation of LDH nanostructures [71][72][73]. Here, we have described the interrelationship between the cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of LDH nanoparticles.…”

Surfactant-free synthesis of layered double hydroxide-armored latex particles

“…Compared to clay minerals, LDH matrices possess specific intrinsic properties such as anionic exchange, highly hydroxylated layers and biocompatibility, of great interest in various applications including catalysis, biology or coatings. 39,40 The synthesis of LDH-armored latex particles by Pickering emulsion polymerization could be an alternative way to obtain efficient dispersions of LDH platelets into polymer matrices and create new smart functional nanocomposite materials. Even if several authors have reported the formation of Pickering emulsions stabilized by LDH particles, [41][42][43][44] to the best of our knowledge no previous research has investigated the use of LDHs as Pickering stabilizers in emulsion polymerization.…”

One‐Pot Intercalation Strategy for the Encapsulation of a CO‐Releasing Organometallic Molecule in a Layered Double Hydroxide

“…[28][29][30][31][32][33] Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are well established as biocompatible nanocarriers of anionic drugs and biomolecules. [34][35][36][37] The structure of LDHs consists of the periodical stacking of positively charged metal hydroxide layers, typically containing divalent and trivalent metal cations, and negatively charged interlayers consisting of anions and water molecules. [38,39] LDHs possess valuable characteristics for use in biomedicine, such as low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, high drug loading, protection of drugs in the interlayer, and control of particle size.…”

“…Mammalian cells internalize positively charged LDH nanoparticles very quickly via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. [37,40,41] The suitability of LDHs as hosts for molybdenum carbonyl complexes was demonstrated in three recent studies in which materials intercalated by the πallyl complex [Mo(η 3 -allyl)Cl(CO) 2 (bpdc)] 2-(bpdc = 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylate), the tetracarbonyl complex cis-[Mo(CO) 4 (bpdc)] and the cyclopentadienyl complex [CpMo(CO) 3 (CH 2 COO)]were prepared. [42][43][44] Exposure of the intercalated tetracarbonyl complex to visible light promoted decarbonylation, pointing to a possible application as a photoactivatable CORMA.…”