Layered shape grammars

Ruiz-Montiel, Manuela; Belmonte, María‐Victoria; Boned, Javier; Mandow, Lawrence; Millán, Eva; Badillo, Ana Reyes; Pérez-de-la-Cruz, José-Luís

doi:10.1016/j.cad.2014.06.012

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Also, since X < ½Y the structure of X embedded in Y is analogous to the structures illustrated in Figure 7a, so Y = XVYXX = PVXPPVYXPVXPP. 4. Similarly, when P = ½X then d = ⅟7(4 + √2)Y, X = ⅟7(6 -2√2)Y and P = ½X .…”

Section: Consequences Of Changing the Spatial Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Shape grammars [1] are a generative formalism, often used as the basis for proposed developments in supporting shape exploration in computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided conceptual design (CACD), e.g. [2][3][4]. Composed of shapes and shape rules, they are production systems where digital representations are manipulated as visual structures, and designs are generated via shape computations involving repeated application of rules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, in Section 5 these results, and their implication for shape grammar implementation and for design descriptions in CAD are discussed. Figure 1 shows an example of a simple shape grammar that is often used as a benchmark problem to illustrate different aspects of shape grammar research, including developments in implementation [2,19], user-interface [3,20], and alternative formalisms [4,25]. The grammar is composed of a single shape rule ( Figure 1a), and an initial shape ( Figure 1b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shapes, structures and shape grammar implementation

Jowers

Earl

Stiny

2019

Computer-Aided Design

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Shape grammars are a generative formalism in which dynamic changes to shape structure plays a vital role. Such changes support ambiguity and emergence, and as a result shape grammars are often used as the basis for proposed developments in supporting shape exploration in computeraided design. However, the general implementation of shape grammars remains an unsolved problem, and a common solution is to adopt a fixed structure. This paper explores the consequences of assuming a fixed shape structure, via analysis of a simple shape grammar, often used as a benchmark problem to illustrate advances in shape grammar implementation. With reference to the combinatorics of words, it is proved that adopting a finite fixed structure limits the capability of a shape grammar. The paper concludes with a discussion exploring the implications of this result for shape grammar implementation and for design descriptions in CAD.

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Section: Consequences Of Changing the Spatial Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shapes, structures and shape grammar implementation

Jowers

Earl

Stiny

2019

Computer-Aided Design

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“…The literature is not limited to stressing the importance of earlystage design optimization, modeling support for conceptual building spatial designs is researched as well. For example, shape grammars are presented by Stiny [46] and Ruiz-Montiel et al [41], to aid in modeling the building spatial design in the conceptual design stage. Algorithms to find the optimized layouts of a building spatial design have also been introduced [29,43,44].…”

Section: Early Stage Building Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual structural system layouts via design response grammars and evolutionary algorithms

Boonstra

Blom

Hofmeyer

et al. 2020

Automation in Construction

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Two new methods to generate structural system layouts for conceptual building spatial designs are presented. The first method, the design response grammar, uses design rules-configurable by parameters-to develop a structural system layout step by step as a function of a building spatial design's geometry and preliminary assessments of the structural system under development. The second method, design via optimizer assignment, uses an evolutionary algorithm to assign structural components to a building spatial design's geometry. In this work, the methods are demonstrated for two objectives: minimal strain energy (a commonly used objective for structural topology optimization) and minimal structural volume. In a first case study three building spatial designs have been subjected to the methods: Design via optimizer assignment yields a uniformly distributed Pareto front approximation, which incorporates the best performing layouts among both methods. On the other hand, results of the design response grammar show that layouts that correspond to specific positions on the Pareto front (e.g. layouts that perform well for strain energy), share the same parameter configurations among the three different building spatial designs. By generalizing, specific points on the Pareto front approximation have been expressed in terms of parameter configurations. A second case study addresses the use of a generic material and generic dimensions in the assessment of structural system layouts. The study applies a technique similar to topology optimization to optimize the material density distribution of each individual structural component, which can be regarded as a part of determining materials and dimensions in more advanced stages of the design of a system layout. This optimization approach is applied to the layouts that are part of the Pareto front approximations as found by the evolutionary algorithm in the first case study, the study shows that-after optimization-the fronts remain the same qualitatively, suggesting that the methods produce results that are also useful in more advanced design stages. A final case study tests the generalization that is established in the first case study by using the found configurations for the design response grammar, and it is shown that the generated layouts indeed are positioned near the desired positions on the Pareto front approximation found by the evolutionary algorithm. Although the evolutionary algorithm can find better performing solutions among a better distributed Pareto front approximation, the design response grammar uses only a fraction of the computational cost. As such it is concluded that the design response grammar is a promising support tool for the exploration and structural assessment of conceptual building spatial designs. Future research should focus on more types of structural elements; more objectives; new constraints to ensure feasible solutions, especially stress constraints; and the application of state-of-the-art techniques like machine learning to find more general...

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“…As pointed out in [RBB14], design models and tools need to support expert knowledge specification in the form of design requirements that can be used to evaluate solutions or to guide the exploration or generation of designs. A designer should express design specifications not only by visual knowledge in the form of shape rules but also by logic requirements.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative shaper: a model for automatic design generation

et al. 2018

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This paper discusses the formalization of Alternative Shaper, a Spatial Grammar supplemented with procedural knowledge for supporting design generation. The nondeterministic process style perspective supports an exploratory and flexible specification of designs and the use of predicates relating shapes allow the confirmation of shape spatial restrictions on design processes. Although simple at this stage, Alternative Shaper actually offers interesting potentialities on design generation that may be improved soon with convenient abstractions.

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Layered shape grammars

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Shapes, structures and shape grammar implementation

Shapes, structures and shape grammar implementation

Conceptual structural system layouts via design response grammars and evolutionary algorithms

Alternative shaper: a model for automatic design generation

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