LC-MS and CZE of dianthrones fromCassia Angustifolia andAcutifolia

Stuppner, Hermann; Sturm, Sonja

doi:10.1007/bf02267704

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although not quantified according to nodal position, other workers [ 64 , 65 ] have reported significantly higher sennosides content in the young leaves compared to mature leaves. The leaf sennoside content as 2.45% was reported [ 10 ] in senna. Higher Artemisinin content in the young leaves compared to mature leaves of Artemisia annua was reported [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sennosides A and B are homo-dianthrones (dimers of two similar anthrone moieties) of Rhein anthrone whereas Sennoside C and D are hetro-dianthrones of Rhein and Aloe-emodin anthrones. Sennoside A and B contribute for around 80% of the biological activity of senna [ 9 , 10 ]. Sennosides act on the large intestine to stimulate peristalsis (the muscular activity of the colon leading to elimination) [ 11 – 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Next Generation Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis Predicts Biosynthetic Pathway of Sennosides from Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.), a Non-Model Plant with Potent Laxative Properties

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) is a world’s natural laxative medicinal plant. Laxative properties are due to sennosides (anthraquinone glycosides) natural products. However, little genetic information is available for this species, especially concerning the biosynthetic pathways of sennosides. We present here the transcriptome sequencing of young and mature leaf tissue of Cassia angustifolia using Illumina MiSeq platform that resulted in a total of 6.34 Gb of raw nucleotide sequence. The sequence assembly resulted in 42230 and 37174 transcripts with an average length of 1119 bp and 1467 bp for young and mature leaf, respectively. The transcripts were annotated using NCBI BLAST with ‘green plant database (txid 33090)’, Swiss Prot, Kyoto Encylcopedia of Genes & Genomes (KEGG), Cluster of Orthologous Gene (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO). Out of the total transcripts, 40138 (95.0%) and 36349 (97.7%) from young and mature leaf, respectively, were annotated by BLASTX against green plant database of NCBI. We used InterProscan to see protein similarity at domain level, a total of 34031 (young leaf) and 32077 (mature leaf) transcripts were annotated against the Pfam domains. All transcripts from young and mature leaf were assigned to 191 KEGG pathways. There were 166 and 159 CDS, respectively, from young and mature leaf involved in metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Many CDS encoding enzymes leading to biosynthesis of sennosides were identified. A total of 10,763 CDS differentially expressing in both young and mature leaf libraries of which 2,343 (21.7%) CDS were up-regulated in young compared to mature leaf. Several differentially expressed genes found functionally associated with sennoside biosynthesis. CDS encoding for many CYPs and TF families were identified having probable roles in metabolism of primary as well as secondary metabolites. We developed SSR markers for molecular breeding of senna. We have identified a set of putative genes involved in various secondary metabolite pathways, especially those related to the synthesis of sennosides which will serve as an important platform for public information about gene expression, genomics, and functional genomics in senna.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis Predicts Biosynthetic Pathway of Sennosides from Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.), a Non-Model Plant with Potent Laxative Properties

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sennosides A and B, dihydrodianthroneglycosides (Fig.1), are Planta Medica 64 (1998)438-442 © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart. New York found in industrially usable quantities in dried senna leaves and pods, and are the compounds responsible for more than 80% of the biological activity (6). However, sennosides are absent in the fresh plant tissue and form only during postharvest drying (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Sennoside Yields in Tinnevelly Senna (Cassia angustifolia) I: Effects of Drought, Foliar Nitrogen Spray and Crop Type

Ratnayaka¹,

Meurer-Grimes²,

Kincaid³

1998

Planta Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the promise of Tinnevelly senna, Cassia angustifolia Vahl, as an alternative crop for stressful agroecosystems. Effects of drought, foliar nitrogen application and crop type on sennoside yields were studied with simultaneous measurements of net photosynthesis. Short term drought increased sennoside A + B concentration (% dw). After drought-induced morphological changes had occurred, long term drought did not influence sennoside A + B concentration but severe loss of leaf biomass caused 78% reduction of the sennoside yield per plant. Foliar nitrogen application increased the total sennoside A + B content per plant by 140% when the plants were not water stressed, but in severely droughted plants, no effect of foliar nitrogen application was detected. Although foliar nitrogen application increased sennoside A + B per plant, the sennoside concentration (% dw) decreased. The latter effect was still persistent three months after the nitrogen treatments were discontinued. In a comparison among three crop types of Tinnevelly senna, ratoon plants had the highest sennoside A + B concentration in leaves followed by seedlings and cuttings. However, seedlings produced the highest sennoside A + B yield per plant due to the higher leaf biomass. Except in long term drought, sennoside levels were higher in leaves with lower net photosynthesis, and were increased by treatments that induced physiological stress. Lower net photosynthesis occurred in short term and long term drought, and with deprivation of foliar nitrogen supplement. In contrast, sennoside yields per plant are readily increased by treatments that increase the total leaf biomass. Short term drought, nitrogen stress and ratooning are promising component technologies for field and on-farm investigations with the goal of increasing sennoside yields.

show abstract

“…Substantial literature is available on the methods of extraction and quantification of sennosides (Atzorn et al, 1981;Muffat et al, 1986;Stuppner and Sturm, 1996). However, cultural practices that might increase sennoside yields have not been adequately investigated, and contradictory results on the effect of manual deflowering on sennoside concentration have been reported (Lohar et al, 1979;Pareek et al, 1983).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tinnevelly senna [Cassia angustifolia is synonymous with Senna alexandrina Mill., according to Irwin and Barneby (1982)] is used worldwide as a natural laxative and is included in pharmacopeias of the United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, and other countries (Al-Dakan et al, 1995;Bown, 1995;Wichtl, 1997). Sennoside A and B (stereoisomers of dihydrodianthrone glucosides) contribute to more than 80% of the biological activity of senna (Stoll and Becker, 1950;Stuppner and Sturm, 1996;see Fig. 1 for structural formula of sennoside A).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sennoside Yields in Tinnevelly Senna Affected by Deflowering and Leaf Maturity

Ratnayaka¹,

Meurer-Grimes²,

Kincaid³

2002

HortSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Manual deflowering and leaf maturity were evaluated for effect on the yields of the bioactive sennosides A and B in Tinnevelly senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl). Deflowering increased sennoside A and B concentration (percent dry weight) in leaves by 25%, the total leaf dry mass by 63%, and the harvest index by 22%, with the result that the sennoside A and B yield (grams) per plant doubled in response to deflowering. During the same time, net photosynthesis remained consistently lower in the deflowered plants. Youngest leaves had the greatest sennoside A and B concentration. A clone raised from cuttings of one seedling had lower sennoside A:B ratio than the plants raised from the seedlings. Although crop type and possibly environmental conditions influenced the sennoside A:B ratio, deflowering and leaf maturity had no effect. The sennoside A and B concentrations in the dried leaves of deflowered plants harvested in 1.5-hour intervals appeared to increase during the course of the day. Deflowering, harvesting of young leaves, and harvesting time of day constitute promising component technologies for field investigations.

show abstract

LC-MS and CZE of dianthrones fromCassia Angustifolia andAcutifolia

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Next Generation Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis Predicts Biosynthetic Pathway of Sennosides from Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.), a Non-Model Plant with Potent Laxative Properties

Next Generation Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis Predicts Biosynthetic Pathway of Sennosides from Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.), a Non-Model Plant with Potent Laxative Properties

Increasing Sennoside Yields in Tinnevelly Senna (Cassia angustifolia) I: Effects of Drought, Foliar Nitrogen Spray and Crop Type

Sennoside Yields in Tinnevelly Senna Affected by Deflowering and Leaf Maturity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About