LC/MS studies of Ethyl Centralite Stabilized Propellants

Druet, L.; Angers, John

doi:10.1002/prep.19880130306

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The characterization of stabilizers in gun propellants is largely described in literature (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), and the comparison of propellant powder composition with its GSR has been reported for some types of ammunition (17)(18)(19). The applicability of analytical methods for the detection of GSR depends both on the sensitivity (determination of concentrations at trace levels) and on the selectivity (separation of different compounds in a mixture).…”

Section: Review Of Analytical Techniques Applied To the Analysis Of Gsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Quantitative LC‐MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Common Propellant Powder Stabilizers in Gunshot Residue*

Laza

Nys

Kinder

et al. 2007

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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In traditional scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis of gunshot residue (GSR), one has to cope more and more frequently with limitations of this technique due to the use of lead-free ammunition or ammunition lacking heavy metals. New methods for the analysis of the organic components of common propellant powder stabilizers were developed based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A multiple reactions monitoring scanning method was created for the screening of akardite II, ethylcentralite, diphenylamine, methylcentralite, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, 2-nitrodiphenylamine, and 4-nitrodiphenylamine, present in standards mixtures. Five out of seven of these target compounds can be selectively identified and distinguished from the two others with a high accuracy. Samples from the hands of a shooter were collected by swabbing and underwent solid phase extraction prior to analysis. Detection limits ranging from 5 to 115 mug injected were achieved. Results from several firing trials show that the LC-MS/MS method is suitable for the detection of stabilizers in samples collected following the firing of 9 mm Para ammunitions.

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Section: Review Of Analytical Techniques Applied To the Analysis Of Gsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Quantitative LC‐MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Common Propellant Powder Stabilizers in Gunshot Residue*

Laza

Nys

Kinder

et al. 2007

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…The solids were removed by ®ltration and recrystallised from ethanol (100 cm 3 ) to afford the title compound (7.00 g, 96.0%) as pale yellow plates, mp 99 C (lit. mp 99±100 C (6) ); n max (KBr) (23) acm À1 3090, 2000±1700,1600, 1500, 1300 (NO 2 ); d H (DMSO), d 7.98±8.36 (m, 9H, C 6 H 4 , C 6 H 5 ).…”

Section: N-nitroso-2-nitrodiphenylamine (16)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Procedures Yielding Targeted Nitro and Nitroso Derivatives of the Propellant Stabilisers Diphenylamine, N-Methyl-4-nitroaniline, and N,N′-Diethyl-N,N′-diphenylurea

Elliot

Smith²,

Fraser

2000

Propellants Explos. Pyrotech

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SummarySynthetic methodologies have been developed which yield a variety of diphenylamine (DPA) and 1,3-diethyl-l,3-diphenylurea (ethylcentralite or EC) propellant stabiliser degradation derivatives in high yield. The N-alkyl nitroanilines 4,4, have been obtained either by reaction of the parent aniline with the required alkyl halide under mild conditions or via Ullmann type chemistry. A robust and high yielding approach for the synthesis of di, tri and tetranitrodiphenylamines (2,2 H ,4,4 H -tetranitrodiphenylamine; 2,4,4 H -trinitrodiphenylamine; 2,2 H ,4-trinitrodiphenylamine; 2,4,6-trinitrodiphenylamine; 2,4-dinitrodiphenylamine) is reported which involves passing the nitroanilines and chloronitrobenzenes down a base activated alumina column. The N-nitroso-N-alkyl compounds (N-nitroso-N-ethyl-4-nitroaniline; N-nitroso-N-ethyl-2-nitroaniline; N-nitroso-N-Methyl-4-nitroaniline; N-ethyl-N-nitrosoaniline; N-nitroso-2-nitrodiphenylamine) have been synthesised using nitrosyl acetate in acetic acid as the N-nitrosating agent.

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Derivatives of Ethyl Centralite in Australian gun propellants

Curtis

Berry

1989

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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A new high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the analysis of ethyl centralite (EC) and its derivatives found in Australian gun propellants. The following derivatives were detected at > 0.05% level: 2‐nitro EC, 4‐nitro EC. 2,4′‐dinitro EC, 4,4′‐dinitro EC, N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosoaniline and N‐ethyl‐4‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoaniline. Several minor derivatives were also identified. The ratio of monoaromatic to urea products increased as a function of EC content and also with aging at 80°C. Para derivatives were favoured over ortho substitution.

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LC/MS studies of Ethyl Centralite Stabilized Propellants

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Development of a Quantitative LC‐MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Common Propellant Powder Stabilizers in Gunshot Residue*

Development of a Quantitative LC‐MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Common Propellant Powder Stabilizers in Gunshot Residue*

Synthetic Procedures Yielding Targeted Nitro and Nitroso Derivatives of the Propellant Stabilisers Diphenylamine, N-Methyl-4-nitroaniline, and N,N′-Diethyl-N,N′-diphenylurea

Derivatives of Ethyl Centralite in Australian gun propellants

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