LDL-C, NON-HDL-C and APO-B for cardiovascular risk assessment: Looking for the ideal marker

Abstract

The traditional approach to the management of coronary artery disease (CAD) focuses mainly on low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) which is often considered a crucial risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis. Despite its extensive use in predicting CAD risk, it has become a sub-optimal marker owing to several limitations. Recently, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) have been substantiated to be more reliable predictors of CAD risk. On the basis of available evidence, it is fair to say that non-HDL-C is a more realistic primary target of therapy and can be used for initial screening. In the current scenario, India being a developing country, the population would not be burdened with additional cost of Apo-B estimation as non-HDL-C can be estimated in the non-fasting state which makes it both patient and clinician friendly. Considering this fact, the aim of the present review article is to highlight the reliability and efficacy of non-HDL-Cholesterol and hence make recommendations to incorporate non-HDL-C in routine lipid panel for better assessment of CAD.

Which one of LDL-C /HDL-C ratio and non-HDL-C can better predict the severity of coronary artery disease in STEMI patients

“…Later studies have confirmed that TG also causes atherosclerosis, while HDL-C has an anti-atherosclerotic effect [ 3 ]. Recently, studies have shown that indicators such as AI, non-HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C are closely related to CHD and other clinical diseases [ 4 ]. In particular, there are many studies on non-HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C. As of now, the blood lipid guidelines in the United States and Europe still regard LDL-C as the primary goal of blood lipid control [ 5 ], while non-HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C are regarded as secondary goals.…”

N‑acetyl cysteine prevents ambient fine particulate matter‑potentiated atherosclerosis via inhibition of reactive oxygen species‑induced oxidized low density lipoprotein elevation and decreased circulating endothelial progenitor cell

“…no. 10–989; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) for measuring total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL cholesterol ( 28 ) and the ratio of TC/HDL by using Alere Cholestech LDX System. Murine plasma ox-LDL was measured with Ox-LDL ELISA kit (cat.…”

Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors – 2022

“…Apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) are predictors of ASCVD risk and superior to measuring the cholesterol carried by atherogenic lipoproteins low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in predicting atherosclerotic CVD risk. [130] One molecule of apolipoprotein (apo) B is found on each atherogenic lipoprotein. The collection of all cholesterol carried by atherogenic lipoproteins (i.e., except HDL cholesterol) is termed non-HDL cholesterol (calculation of non-HDL cholesterol = total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol).…”