“…< R M , where mode "0" corresponds to no data transmission or outage. In this article, proper codes are those in their performance curve, a little change in SNR results in a great change in BER, accurately those with a low security gap (Klinc, Ha, McLaughlin, Barros, & Kwak, 2009). In Figure 2, security gap is shown; through a decrease of received SNR by the security gap d, BER decrease from proper level to improper level.…”