Le dépérissement du sapin dans les Vosges : rôle primordial de déficits d'alimentation en eau

Levy, Gérard; Becker, Michel; Lefèvre, Yves; Schipfer, Rudolf Karl

doi:10.1051/forest:19870402

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Senones and Voltzia sandstones which are located at low altitude (generally less than 500 m) provide a higher percentage of clay than the Vosgian sandstone, which is located at higher altitude (generally more than 550 m). Other studies carried out in the Vosges and the Jura [5] [7,17] found a significant relationship between silver fir decline and the plant available water holding capacity of the soil.…”

Section: Climatic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between ecological conditions and fir decline in a sandstone region of the Vosges mountains (northeastern France)

et al. 2002

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-The present study re-examines the influence of ecological conditions on the health of silver fir (Abies alba) measured in 1989, during the so-called forest decline crisis, in the sandstone portion of the Vosges mountains, on the basis of an assessment of almost 3000 forest management units (10-20 ha each). Relationships between defoliation and needle yellowing (related to Mg deficiency) and environmental factors were analysed with contingency tables and modelled using discriminant functions. The results confirmed the predominant influence of altitude and stand age; these two factors explain 70% of the spatial variability of defoliation and 64% of that of yellowing. In addition, a database composed of 178 soil analytical profiles was analysed in relation to the geographic database. The commonly used variable "altitude" appeared to combine the influence of several related variables which are crucial for the biological functioning of the tree: especially the plant available water holding capacity and chemical characteristics were negatively correlated with elevation in the study area. This ecological feature is likely to be common to a number of mid-elevation mountain range in Europe and was often neglected in the earlier studies on forest decline. forest decline / Abies alba / GIS / spatial analysis / discriminant analysis / Vosges mountains Résumé -Relations entre les conditions écologiques et le dépérissement du sapin dans les Vosges gréseuses (France).Ce travail réexamine l'influence des conditions écologiques sur le dépérissement du sapin, mesuré lors de la crise du dépérissement forestier dans les Vosges, sur la base d'une notation exhaustive de 3 000 parcelles forestières (10-20 ha) gérées par l'Office National des Forêts dans les Vosges gréseuses. Les relations entre défoliation et jaunissement des aiguilles (généralement dû à une carence en Mg) et les conditions environnementales moyennes de chaque parcelle ont été étudiées par des tableaux de contingence, et modélisées en utilisant une analyse discriminante. L'altitude et l'âge des peuplements expliquent respectivement 70 % de la défoliation et 64 % du jaunissement. Le paramètre « altitude » combine de nombreux facteurs influençant le fonctionnement physiologique de l'arbre. En utilisant une base de données de 178 profils pédologiques, nous montrons que l'altitude est négativement corrélée à la réserve utile des sols et au taux de saturation, indépendamment du type de grès. Ce type de distribution est probablement assez banale dans un certain nombre de moyennes montagnes européennes, et forme un biais souvent négligé dans les études de dépérissement. dépérissement forestier / Abies alba / SIG / analyse spatiale / analyse discriminante / Vosges Ann. For. Sci. 59 (2002) [265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273] 265

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Section: Climatic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between ecological conditions and fir decline in a sandstone region of the Vosges mountains (northeastern France)

et al. 2002

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“…Den-dochronological and biogeochemical investigations in the Vosges massif (eastern France) suggested that the decline of spruce in eastern France and western Germany might be mainly related to repeated severe drought events that had occurred since the mid-1970s in these regions (Lévy and Becker, 1987;Probst et al, 1990). Further research on spruce decline therefore requires more knowledge of the ecophysiological behaviour of mountain spruce under long-term soil drought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water relations of adult Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) under soil drought in the Vosges mountains: water potential, stomatal conductance and transpiration

et al. 1995

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Summary — The effects of soil water depletion on sap flow, twig water potential, stomatal and canopy conductance were analysed in 2 plots of a 30-year-old stand of Norway spruce. One was subjected to an imposed drought; the other was watered by irrigation. Predawn water potential in trees from the dry plot decreased to -1.2 MPa. In the watered plot, a low between-tree variability of sap flux density was observed, with maximum values of 1.2-1.9 dm 3 ·dm -2 ·h -1 , corresponding to about 0.5 mm·h -1 . In the dry plot, sap flux density showed a higher variability, and decreased during the summer to a minimum midday value of 0.05 dm 3 ·dm -2 ·h -1 . Tree transpiration and stomatal conductance showed a strong reduction in association with drought development, during which the predawn water potential decreased from -0.4 to -0.

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“…Our understanding of its ecological amplitude is essentially based on the study of its natural range; this conifer cannot tolerate late frosts and dry summers and is the major component of mountain forests (900 to 1 500 m of elevation) where atmospheric humidity is high. Dendrochronological and dendro-ecological studies emphasize the high sensitivity of silver fir to water stress (Bîndiu, 1971;Serre-Bachet, 1986;Levy and Becker, 1987;Becker, 1989) while experiments on young potted trees show that it conserves water quite well (Becker, 1970(Becker, , 1977 and in particular better than Norway spruce (Picea excelsa Link) with which it is frequently mixed in mountain stands. However, silver fir appears to delay the regulation of its water-vapor exchanges, which classifies it among species that are poorly adapted to drought (Aussenac, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water relations of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill) in 2 natural stands in the French Alps subject to contrasting climatic conditions

Guicherd

1994

Ann. For. Sci.

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Summary — This paper reports on the diurnal and seasonal variations in water potential, stomatal conductance, and transpiration of twigs from silver fir in a mesohygrophilic stand of the external French Alps, and in a mesoxerophilic stand in the inner French Alps where this fir grows near its ecological limits. In both stands, predawn needle water potential was always 0.2-0.4 MPa below the potential of the driest soil layer. In the first one, it was maintained at about -0.4 MPa. Maximum stomatal conductance and maximum transpiration, which could reach 200 mmol/m 2 /s and 1 mmol/m 2 /s, respectively, occurred at the same time which corresponded to minimum leaf water potential. In the dry stand, predawn needle water potential never dropped below -1.14 MPa, yet a general browning of older needles was already observed. The decrease of predawn needle water potential was accompanied by the decrease of maximum stomatal conductance and transpiration to 15% of their highest value, which reached 150 mmol/m 2 /s and 1 mmol/m 2 /s, respectively, at this stand. Maximum stomatal conductance occurred in general before UT 07.00, and maximum transpiration 5-6 h later, irrespective of predawn needle water potential. Furthermore, in both stands, stomata closed at vapor pressure deficit value as low as 0.3 kPa. This extremely early reaction to water stress exhibited by European silver fir is consistent with its well-known sensitivity to atmospheric humidity and soil water availability. It indicates a strong avoidance strategy, which we have hitherto attributed only to species better adapted to drought.

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Le dépérissement du sapin dans les Vosges : rôle primordial de déficits d'alimentation en eau

Abstract: RésuméPour étudier ce dépérissement, une méthode facilitant l'interprétation des différences d'état de santé entre peuplements a été retenue. Huit

Cited by 24 publications

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Relation between ecological conditions and fir decline in a sandstone region of the Vosges mountains (northeastern France)

Relation between ecological conditions and fir decline in a sandstone region of the Vosges mountains (northeastern France)

Water relations of adult Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) under soil drought in the Vosges mountains: water potential, stomatal conductance and transpiration

Water relations of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill) in 2 natural stands in the French Alps subject to contrasting climatic conditions

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