The liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector technology provides an opportunity for precision neutrino oscillation measurements, neutrino cross section measurements, and searches for rare processes, such as SuperNova neutrino detection. These proceedings review current and future LArTPC neutrino experiments. Particular focus is paid to the ICARUS, MicroBooNE, LAr1, 2-LArTPC at CERN-SPS, LBNE, and 100 kton at Okinoshima experiments.
LIQUID ARGON TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER EXPERIMENTSOver the last decade, the neutrino community has demonstrated a tremendous amount of interest in the use of liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPC's) as detectors for neutrino experiments. LArTPC's rely on measuring the ionization energy loss of any charged particle, dE/dx, in order to reconstruct the particle's trajectory, momentum, range, and, consequently, type. In the case of LArTPC neutrino detectors, a large, high-purity liquid argon volume serves as both the neutrino interaction medium and the tracking medium for charged particles produced in neutrino interactions. Ionization charge produced along charged particle tracks drifts toward one side of the detector, under the influence of an electric field applied uniformly within the liquid argon volume, and then gets collected on a set of finely segmented "sensor-wire planes". Precise charge amplitude(s) vs. wire position(s) and arrival time(s) are recorded for all collected charge, and used to reconstruct the event topology. Argon scintillation light emitted during the event is also typically detected by photo-sensitive detectors (typically, PMT's), and it is used for extracting the initial interaction time, t 0 , as well as for event triggering.
Motivation and challengesLiquid argon is dense and relatively inexpensive; this makes it an ideal detector medium for low rate TPC's, which are applicable to the study of neutrino interactions. LArTPC detectors offer high detection efficiency as well as higher background rejection power relative to the most commonly used neutrino detection technologies: Cherenkov and scintillator detectors. Typical LArTPC detector performance, demonstrated by the ICARUS and ArgoNeuT LArTPC experiments, and elsewhere [1,2,3, 4], corresponds to mm-scale spatial 3D resolution, 3%/ E(GeV) electromagnetic shower energy resolution, and > 90% electron vs. photon differentiation. Electron vs. photon differentiation is achieved by measuring the early-on ionization from a single electron or from the e + e − pair produced from a photon which converts on an argon nucleus. The single electron early-dE/dx typically corresponds to that of one minimum ionizing particle (MIP), while that of the e + e − pair typically corresponds to that of two MIP's. The high electron/photon differentiation in particular makes LArTPC's an ideal technology for ν e measurements. The high performance of LArTPC's is linked to their high ionization charge yield (∼ 1 fC/mm for MIP's) and small charge diffusion (∼ mm for several meters of drift). Additional advantages include th...