Le « Maroc inutile » redécouvert par l'action publique : les cas de Sidi Ifni et Bouarfa

Abstract

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‘Le Printemps Démocratique’: Amazigh Activism in the February 20 Movement in Southern Morocco

“…In other words, in these areas the F20M was possible only due to these pre-existing networks. It is important to note that in rural areas local mobilizations started before the F20M (in the early 2000s) and have increased in more recent years (see Bennafla and Emperador 2010, Bogaert 2015, Hadj-Moussa 2013, Lahbib 2011, p. 18, Planel 2011, Suarez Collado 2015. Bogaert (2015) confirms the importance of local tansikiyya (or tansikiyyat) as a vital element in the mobilization of people in small towns and rural peripheries during the F20M.…”

Plus ça Change? Observing the Dynamics of Morocco's ‘Arab Spring’ in the High Atlas

“…In rural areas, the F20M has inspired a few protests, but mobilizations there started in the early 2000s and have continued afterwards as in the examples mentioned earlier, mainly to address urgent socio-economic needs. The number of localized rural/peripheral protests has increased over the last decade (see Bennafla & Emperador, 2010;Bogaert, 2015;Hadj-Moussa, 2013;Lahbib, 2011: 18;Planel, 2011;Suárez Collado, 2015), despite the fact that important national development programmes in the areas of rural roads, electrification and drinking water were implemented by the mid-2000s. In urban areas, the F20M has certainly left its mark.…”

“…Since the mid-2000s, the number of riots and protests has increased sharply, thanks to the more liberal political climate. For example, local groups (called 'co-ordinations') affiliated with national human rights associations have regularly mobilized people to protest against increased costs of living as a result of cuts in subsidies, unemployment, or the privatization of water and sanitation services, both in urban and rural/peripheral areas (see Bennafla & Emperador, 2010;Bogaert, 2015;Lahbib, 2011: 18;Saadi, 2012). Some of these groups were or are still part of the coalition that came to be known as the 20 February Movement.…”

A ‘Time’ to Act: The 2015–20 Development Plan for Greater Casablanca

“…These inequalities have instead been intensified by the neo-liberal orientation of the economy and by its 'financialisation' (Bono et al, 2015). The unequal nature of the way benefits have trickled down to the population has been the subject of violent protests, but the localised nature of the demands expressed, along with their geography-confined, as they have been, to marginal regions-have limited their scope (Bennafla and Emperador, 2010), leaving largely unaffected the national consensus on the development model. In the wake of the 'Arab Spring' of 2011, the creation in Morocco of the February 20 movement, a motley coalition of Islamist sympathisers, human-rights activists and hard left parties (Smaoui and Wazif, 2013), has given a high profile to these challenges, which had previously remained scattered.…”