Le respect des droits des peuples autochtones dans le régime forestier québécois : quelle évolution (1960-2014)?

Abstract

Cet article propose un aperçu historique de l’évolution du régime forestier en ce qui concerne l’intégration des droits et intérêts des peuples autochtones pendant la période allant de 1960 à 2014. À l’aide d’un cadre théorique élaboré par Hillet al. (2012), nous abordons la question du partage de pouvoir entre l’État et les nations autochtones. L’analyse révèle une quasi-exclusion des intérêts autochtones avant le début des années 2000. Les mesures mises en place au cours de cette période se ramènent à trois catégories : les consultations sur les plans, les consultations sur les orientations politiques, et le développement économique par l’allocation de petite tenures forestières. Néanmoins, pour la plupart des nations autochtones, le régime forestier offre peu d’occasions d’influencer les décisions à un niveau stratégique.This article offers a historical overview of the development of the forestry regime with regard to the integration of the rights and interests of indigenous peoples during the period from 1960 to 2014. Using a theoretical framework developed by Hill et al. (2012), we address the issue of power sharing between the state and indigenous nations before the beginning of the 2000s. The measures implemented during this period can be grouped into three categories: consultation on forest management plans, consultation on policy orientations and economic development through the allocation of small forest tenures. Nevertheless, for most Aboriginal nations, the forestry regime offers little opportunity to influence decisions at a strategic level

Fire Management in The Boreal Forest of Swedish Sápmi: Prescribed Burning and Consideration of Sami Reindeer Herding During 1920–1970

“…Tracking the development of this issue illustrates how it has contributed significantly in structuring the dialogue between foresters and herders, and the development of the current consultation framework, enacted in the 1979 forestry law. In comparison, Canadian provinces only started to include Indigenous rights, and encourage the participation of First Nations, through mechanisms of consultation and participation, in forest management in the 2000s (Wyatt 2008;Teitelbaum 2015). The written sources also show that, despite the early attempts to include Sami reindeer herding needs in the planning of prescribed burning, foresters and scholars of the midtwentieth century missed essential aspects of how prescribed burning could affect reindeer herding.…”

The importance of context-relevant feminist perspectives in disaster studies. The case of a research on forest fires with the Atikamekw First Nation

“…In the 1980s, with the development Feminist research on forest fires on Atikamekw land of services in the community like schooling, healthcare, social work or daycare, women found ways to continue accomplishing their caring responsibilities for the community. In a context where salaried work is central to survival (Labrecque, 1984), where Indigenous Nations have been mostly excluded from forest management (Teitelbaum, 2015), and where activities on the territory can be difficult to access, it has been difficult for men to find ways to fulfill their responsibilities to protect the land and the community. The forest fires were therefore opportunities for men to achieve this traditional responsibility, and they actively found ways to participate in the emergency response: "normally in our culture we are supposed to protect the territory: ensure that there are always resources but also if there are fires, we must fight them."…”

Untapped potential? Attitudes and behaviours of forestry employers toward the Indigenous workforce in Quebec, Canada

“…The forestry sector in Quebec is characterized by a low level of diversity in terms of human resources (Beaudry 2015;Legendre 2005;Sarathy and Casanova 2008). Yet, several drivers of change are now reshaping the Canadian economy, including modifications of legal and political frameworks, additional social responsibilities expected from employers, and increased control of natural resources by Indigenous people (Anderson 1997;Beaudoin et al 2015;Teitelbaum 2015). The dominant culture in the forestry sector is changing (Natcher 2008), raising challenges for forestry employers in Quebec attempting to create an environment conducive to the recruitment, integration, and retention of Indigenous workers.…”