Leaching of dissolved and particulate phosphorus <i>via</i> preferential flow pathways in a forest soil: An approach using zero‐tension lysimeters

Makowski, Vera; Jülich, Stefan; Feger, Karl‐Heinz; Julich, Dorit

doi:10.1002/jpln.201900216

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This nutrient flushing effect (Hornberger et al, 1994) has been describe also in other studies as a prominent feature of lateral export of nutrients; mainly N (DON) and C (DOC) (Qualls, G. Haines, 1991;van Verseveld et al, 2008;Weiler and Mcdonnell, 2006) but also P (DOP) (Burns et al, 1998;Missong et al, 2018a;Qualls et al, 2002;Sohrt et al, 2018). Makowski et al (2020), who measured P concentrations in vertical SSF, also reported nutrient-flushing in the first 2 hours of their sprinkling experiments.…”

Section: P Concentration Dynamics In Vertical and Lateral Ssfsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…higher than at CON (230 g/m 2 ) and more than three times higher than at TUT (189 g/m 2 ). The only other study on P concentrations in vertical SSF, did not find a significant difference in Ptot concentrations of vertical SSF at 10 cm and 35 cm soil depth at their beech forest site in Saxony, Germany with Haplic Cambisol (Makowski et al, 2020).…”

Section: P Concentration Dynamics In Vertical and Lateral Ssfmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…They applied dye-and conservative tracers to identify dominant flow paths and fractions of event and preevent water involved with solute transport. Makowski et al (2020) were the first to measure vertical SSF use zero-tension lysimeters of a size of 40 x 50 cm installed at 10 cm and 35 cm soil depth at two soil profiles of a beech forest in Saxony, Germany. The mineral soil of the Haplic Cambisol had an average P content between 194 and 221 mg/kg (Makowski et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Makowski et al (2020) were the first to measure vertical SSF use zero-tension lysimeters of a size of 40 x 50 cm installed at 10 cm and 35 cm soil depth at two soil profiles of a beech forest in Saxony, Germany. The mineral soil of the Haplic Cambisol had an average P content between 194 and 221 mg/kg (Makowski et al, 2020). They performed artificial sprinkling experiments on 3 m 2 plots above the lysimeters with a sprinkling intensity of 20 mm/h over 4 hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorus Transport in Subsurface Flow at Beech Forest Stands: Does Phosphorus Mobilization Keep up with Transport?

Rinderer

Krüger

Lang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Phosphorus (P) is a limiting factor of primary productivity in most forest ecosystems but little is known about retention within and losses of P from forests. Subsurface flow (SSF) is one of the important pathways of P export but few attempts exist to quantify it. We present results of sprinkling experiments with ca. 150 mm, 2H labelled, total rainfall conducted at 200 m2 plots on hillslopes with slopes between 14° and 28° at three beech forests in Germany in summer and spring. We aimed at quantifying vertical and lateral SSF and associated P transport in the forest floor, the mineral soil and the saprolite. The study sites differed regarding soil depth, skeleton content and soil P stocks (between 678 g/m2 and 209 g/m2, in the first 1 m soil depth). Vertical SSF in the mineral soil and in the saprolite was at least two orders of magnitude larger than lateral SSF in the same depth. Vertical and lateral SSF consisted mainly of pre-event water that was replaced by sprinkling water (piston flow mechanism). Short spikes of event water at the beginning of the experiment at two of the sites with high skeleton content indicate that preferential flow occurred in parallel to matrix flow. We observed a significant decrease in P concentrations in SSF with increasing soil depth suggesting effective retention of P by adsorption to soil particles in all three forest ecosystems. Higher P concentrations in SSF at the beginning of the experiments indicate nutrient flushing but P concentrations were nearly constant thereafter despite strong increase in SSF. P concentrations did also not change significantly with increasing share of event water in SSF. These chemostatic transport conditions suggests that P mobilization rates were similar to transport rates in both, P-rich and P-poor sites. The observed first flush effect implies that P export by SSF will increase as rainfall events with high transport capacity are predicted to occur more frequent under future climatic conditions.

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Section: P Concentration Dynamics In Vertical and Lateral Ssfsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: P Concentration Dynamics In Vertical and Lateral Ssfmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phosphorus Transport in Subsurface Flow at Beech Forest Stands: Does Phosphorus Mobilization Keep up with Transport?

Rinderer

Krüger

Lang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…From field studies like those described above and from lab experiments using soil columns, we know that the transport of P during high-intensity rainfall events occurs mainly along preferential flow paths (Cox et al, 2000;Fuchs et al, 2009;Julich et al, 2017b;Missong et al, 2018a). Preferential flow paths allow subsurface flow to bypass the soil matrix that otherwise has been shown to effectively retain P (Compton and Cole, 1998;Ilg et al, 2009;Johnson et al, 2016;Qualls et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface flow and phosphorus dynamics in beech forest hillslopes during sprinkling experiments: how fast is phosphorus replenished?

et al. 2021

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Abstract. The phosphorus (P) concentration of soil solution is of key importance for plant nutrition. During large rainfall events, the P concentration is altered by lateral and vertical subsurface storm flow (SSF) that facilitates P mobilization, redistribution within the soil profile and potential P export from the ecosystem. These processes are not well studied under field conditions. Important factors of the replenishment of P concentrations in soil solutions are the rate of P replenishment (by biotic and abiotic processes) and the P buffering capacity of soils. Lab experiments have shown that replenishment times can vary between minutes and months. The question remains of how P concentrations in lateral and vertical SSF vary under natural field conditions. We present results of large-scale sprinkling experiments simulating 150 mm throughfall at 200 m2 plots on hillslopes at three beech forests in Germany. We aimed at quantifying lateral and vertical SSF and associated P concentrations on the forest floor, in the mineral soil and in the saprolite during sprinkling experiments in spring and summer. The sites differed mainly in terms of soil depth, skeleton content and soil P stock (between 189 and 624 g/m2 in the top 1 m soil depth). Vertical SSF in the mineral soil and in the saprolite was at least 2 orders of magnitude larger than lateral SSF at the same depth. Vertical and lateral SSF consisted mainly of pre-event water that was replaced by sprinkling water. Higher P concentrations in SSF in the first 1 to 2 h after the onset of SSF indicated nutrient flushing, but P concentrations in the mineral soil and saprolite were nearly constant thereafter for most of the experiment despite a strong increase in SSF. This suggests that P in the soil solution at all three sites was replenished fast by mineral or organic sources. If chemostatic transport conditions would dominate in SSF, annual P losses at the lateral and vertical boundary of a forest plot could be approximated by knowing the average P concentration and the water fluxes in forest soils. A rough estimation of the annual P loss based on this simplified assumption for one of our sites with longer SSF data resulted in an annual P loss of 3.16 mg/m2/a. This P loss is similar to estimates from a previous study at the same site using bi-weekly groundwater samples. Our approximated annual P loss in SSF was in a similar order of magnitude as P input by dry and wet deposition and by mineral weathering. Despite the fact that P losses from the ecosystem seem to be small, the translocation of P from the forest floor to the mineral soil might be of high relevance at sites with low P stocks where the forest floor is the dominant source for the P nutrition of trees.

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Phosphorus fluxes in two contrasting forest soils along preferential pathways after experimental N and P additions

et al. 2022

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The assessment of impacts of an altered nutrient availability, e.g. as caused by consistently high atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, on ecosystem phosphorus (P) nutrition requires understanding of P fluxes. However, the P translocation in forest soils is not well understood and soil P fluxes based on actual measurements are rarely available. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) examine the effects of experimental N, P, and P+N additions on P fluxes via preferential flow as dominant transport pathway (PFPs) for P transport in forest soils; and (2) determine whether these effects varied with sites of contrasting P status (loamy high P/sandy low P). During artificial rainfall experiments, we quantified the P fluxes in three soil depths and statistically analyzed effects by application of linear mixed effects modeling. Our results show that the magnitude of P fluxes is highly variable: In some cases, water and consequently P has not reached the collection depth. By contrast, in soils with a well-developed connection of PFPs throughout the profile fluxes up to 4.5 mg P m−2 per experiment (within 8 h, no P addition) were observed. The results furthermore support the assumption that the contrasting P nutrition strategies strongly affected P fluxes, while also the response to N and P addition markedly differed between the sites. As a consequence, the main factors determining P translocation in forest soils under altered nutrient availability are the spatio-temporal patterns of PFPs through soil columns in combination with the P nutrition strategy of the ecosystem.

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Leaching of dissolved and particulate phosphorus via preferential flow pathways in a forest soil: An approach using zero‐tension lysimeters

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Phosphorus Transport in Subsurface Flow at Beech Forest Stands: Does Phosphorus Mobilization Keep up with Transport?

Phosphorus Transport in Subsurface Flow at Beech Forest Stands: Does Phosphorus Mobilization Keep up with Transport?

Subsurface flow and phosphorus dynamics in beech forest hillslopes during sprinkling experiments: how fast is phosphorus replenished?

Phosphorus fluxes in two contrasting forest soils along preferential pathways after experimental N and P additions

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