Leaching of nickel and iron from Greek non-sulphide nickeliferous ores by organic acids

Tzeferis, P.G.; Agatzini-Leonardou, S.

doi:10.1016/0304-386x(94)90031-0

Cited by 76 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It appears that due to these highly soluble complexes, citric acid already reaches its maximum leaching potential at low concentrations. Tzeferis et al [31] also found that increasing the citric acid concentration from 0.5 M to 1.5 M did not increase the nickel or iron extraction from nickeliferous ores at low pulp densities. At higher pulp densities, the percentages of nickel and iron leached at 0.5 M were substantially lower than for low pulp densities, and they did increase when the citric acid concentration was increased to 1.5 M. This confirms the idea that citric acid has an intrinsic maximum for the leaching of metals or specific ores, which, once reached, will not increase further when increasing the citric acid concentration.…”

Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nickel Extraction from Olivine: Effect of Carbonation Pre-Treatment

Audenaerde

Chiang

Iacobescu

et al. 2015

Metals

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Abstract:In this work, we explore a novel mineral processing approach using carbon dioxide to promote mineral alterations that lead to improved extractability of nickel from olivine ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4). The precept is that by altering the morphology and the mineralogy of the ore via mineral carbonation, the comminution requirements and the acid consumption during hydrometallurgical processing can be reduced. Furthermore, carbonation pre-treatment can lead to mineral liberation and concentration of metals in physically separable phases. In a first processing step, olivine is fully carbonated at high CO2 partial pressures (35 bar) and optimal temperature (200 °C) with the addition of pH buffering agents. This leads to a powdery product containing high carbonate content. The main products of the carbonation OPEN ACCESSMetals 2015, 5 1621 reaction include quasi-amorphous colloidal silica, chromium-rich metallic particles, and ferro-magnesite ((Mg1−x,Fex)CO3). Carbonated olivine was subsequently leached using an array of inorganic and organic acids to test their leaching efficiency. Compared to leaching from untreated olivine, the percentage of nickel extracted from carbonated olivine by acid leaching was significantly increased. It is anticipated that the mineral carbonation pre-treatment approach may also be applicable to other ultrabasic and lateritic ores.

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Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nickel Extraction from Olivine: Effect of Carbonation Pre-Treatment

Audenaerde

Chiang

Iacobescu

et al. 2015

Metals

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“…21) The mechanism of slag dissolution in the citric acid solution can be explained as follows: H + ions first displace metal cations from mineral phase, and thus C 6 H 5 O 7 3 − ions sequester metals into soluble metal-ligand complexes by chelation. 22) The formation of complexes at the mineral surface shifts the electron density toward the metal ion, which destabilizes the M-O lattice bonds and facilitates detachment of metal ions into the solution. 23) This process can effectively destroy the crystal lattice and promote dissolution of the mineral phase.…”

Section: Effect Of Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a lower pH, citric acid was more active than other acids because of a combination of an abundance of H + ions and complex formation. 22) This could explain why the improvement in slag dissolution in the citric acid solution was larger at pH 5 than at pH 7. Figure 11 shows the XRD patterns for the residues of the furnace-cooled slag after leaching.…”

Section: Effect Of Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cooling Rate and Acid on Extracting Soluble Phosphorus from Slag with High P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Content by Selective Leaching

Gao

Ueda

et al. 2017

ISIJ Int.

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With the use of low-grade iron ores with high P content, slag with high P 2 O 5 content generated after dephosphorization is considered a great potential source of P. Because of the solubility difference between the solid solution and matrix phase, it is possible to extract the P-rich solid solution selectively from slag by leaching. The soluble P obtained is suitable to produce phosphate fertilizers. To achieve selective leaching of P and increase its dissolution ratio, the effects of the cooling rate and acid on dissolution of the slag in aqueous solutions at pH 5 and 7 were investigated. This study found that during solidification, slow cooling facilitates coarsening of the solid solution and formation of the magnesioferrite phase. The solid solution was dissolved preferentially. At pH 7, the air-cooled slag showed the highest dissolution ratio of P. When the pH was decreased to 5, slag dissolution was significantly promoted. As the cooling rate decreased, the dissolution ratio of P increased. Slow cooling not only enhanced dissolution of the solid solution but also suppressed dissolution of the matrix phase. Citric acid performed better in promoting dissolution of slag. At pH 5, almost all of the solid solution was dissolved from the furnace-cooled slag. However, the dissolution ratio of Fe was also high. When nitric acid was used, 66.8% of the solid solution was dissolved, without dissolution of large amounts of the matrix phase. After leaching, the P 2 O 5 content in the residue reduced and the Fe 2 O 3 content increased.

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“…Most of the bioleaching studies on laterites relate to bodies of research on Greek laterites that contain nickel, cobalt and chromium [32,76,[316][317][318], Indian laterites that contain nickel, cobalt and chromium [319][320][321][322][323], New Caledonian laterites that contain nickel, cobalt and manganese [33,[324][325][326][327][328][329][330] and African laterites that contain nickel, cobalt, manganese and chromium [77,331,332]. In metal extraction, the key difference between copper oxide or sulfide ores and nickel laterite ores is the absence of specific nickel phases in the lateritic ores [333].…”

Section: Oxidised Oresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of the application of heterotrophs include the extraction of potassium from leucite (a silicate mineral) [233], extraction of copper and zinc from oxidised copper and lead-zinc ores, respectively [342], bioleaching of aluminium from clays [343], and the extraction of nickel from lateritic materials [31,76,316,319,324,344]. Extractions of 97% Cu, 98% Ni, 86% Co and 91% Mn from manganese nodules were reported by Das et al [345].…”

Section: Leaching With Acidophilic Heterotrophs/organic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Biohydrometallurgical Metals Extraction from Polymetallic Mineral Resources

Watling

2014

Minerals

140

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This review has as its underlying premise the need to become proficient in delivering a suite of element or metal products from polymetallic ores to avoid the predicted exhaustion of key metals in demand in technological societies. Many technologies, proven or still to be developed, will assist in meeting the demands of the next generation for trace and rare metals, potentially including the broader application of biohydrometallurgy for the extraction of multiple metals from low-grade and complex ores. Developed biotechnologies that could be applied are briefly reviewed and some of the difficulties to be overcome highlighted. Examples of the bioleaching of polymetallic mineral resources using different combinations of those technologies are described for polymetallic sulfide concentrates, low-grade sulfide and oxidised ores. Three areas for further research are: (i) the development of sophisticated continuous vat bioreactors with additional controls; (ii) in situ and in stope bioleaching and the need to solve problems associated with microbial activity in that scenario; and (iii) the exploitation of sulfur-oxidising microorganisms that, under specific anaerobic leaching conditions, reduce and solubilise refractory iron(III) or manganese(IV) compounds containing multiple elements. Finally, with the successful applications of stirred tank bioleaching to a polymetallic tailings dump and heap bioleaching to a polymetallic black schist ore, there is no reason why those proven technologies should not be more widely applied.

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Leaching of nickel and iron from Greek non-sulphide nickeliferous ores by organic acids

Cited by 76 publications

References 6 publications

Nickel Extraction from Olivine: Effect of Carbonation Pre-Treatment

Nickel Extraction from Olivine: Effect of Carbonation Pre-Treatment

Effects of Cooling Rate and Acid on Extracting Soluble Phosphorus from Slag with High P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Content by Selective Leaching

Review of Biohydrometallurgical Metals Extraction from Polymetallic Mineral Resources

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