Leaching of Salmonella enterica in Clay Columns Comparing Two Manure Application Methods

Bech, Tina B.; Dalsgaard, Anders; Jacobsen, Ole Stig; Jacobsen, Carsten Suhr

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00766.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Slurry injection increased the leaching of phage, E. coli, and Enterococcus species significantly compared to surface application and, for E. coli, with respect to both culturable cells and DNA (Table 3). Bech et al (27) reported that the average proportion of Salmonella enterica leached was 6.1% after injection and 0.6% after surface application on a silt loam soil, although the difference was not significant due to high variability among replicates. Similarly, significantly more phage leached from intact sandy clay loam soil cores exposed to natural weather conditions when raw slurry was injected rather than being surface applied (67).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slurry is usually applied to agricultural fields by surface application or, increasingly, by subsurface injection at 6-to 10-cm soil depth to reduce nuisance odor and NH 3 volatilization from the applied slurry (23,24,25). These two application methods may represent different risks for leaching of nutrients and microorganisms as a result of the difference in slurry-soil contact (21,26,27).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Persistence and Leaching Potential of Microorganisms and Mineral N in Animal Manure Applied to Intact Soil Columns

Amin

Forslund

Bui

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Pathogens may reach agricultural soils through application of animal manure and thereby pose a risk of contaminating crops as well as surface and groundwater. Treatment and handling of manure for improved nutrient and odor management may also influence the amount and fate of manure-borne pathogens in the soil. A study was conducted to investigate the leaching potentials of a phage (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteriophage 28B) and two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species, in a liquid fraction of raw pig slurry obtained by solid-liquid separation of this slurry and in this liquid fraction after ozonation, when applied to intact soil columns by subsurface injection. We also compared leaching potentials of surface-applied and subsurface-injected raw slurry. The columns were exposed to irrigation events (3.5-h period at 10 mm h ؊1 ) after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of incubation with collection of leachate. By the end of incubation, the distribution and survival of microorganisms in the soil of each treatment and in nonirrigated columns with injected raw slurry or liquid fraction were determined. E. coli in the leachates was quantified by both plate counts and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to assess the proportions of culturable and nonculturable (viable and nonviable) cells. Solid-liquid separation of slurry increased the redistribution in soil of contaminants in the liquid fraction compared to raw slurry, and the percent recovery of E. coli and Enterococcus species was higher for the liquid fraction than for raw slurry after the four leaching events. The liquid fraction also resulted in more leaching of all contaminants except Enterococcus species than did raw slurry. Ozonation reduced E. coli leaching only. Injection enhanced the leaching potential of the microorganisms investigated compared to surface application, probably because of a better survival with subsurface injection and a shorter leaching path.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and Leaching Potential of Microorganisms and Mineral N in Animal Manure Applied to Intact Soil Columns

Amin

Forslund

Bui

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The soil cores were excavated from the field site Slaeggerup, near the city of Roskilde, Denmark, as described by Bech et al (10). Briefly, the soil cores were randomly taken within a square of 4 m by 16 m. Fifteen soil cores were collected from the Ap horizon by applying steady-state weight pressure on the top of stainless steel cylinders (15 cm in diameter, 30 cm in height).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts, Escherichia coli, and a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Bacteriophage through Intact Soil Cores following Surface Application and Injection of Slurry

Forslund

Markussen

Toenner-Klank

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Increasing amounts of livestock manure are being applied to agricultural soil, but it is unknown to what extent this may be associated with contamination of aquatic recipients and groundwater if microorganisms are transported through the soil under natural weather conditions. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate how injection and surface application of pig slurry on intact sandy clay loam soil cores influenced the leaching of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteriophage 28B, Escherichia coli, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. All three microbial tracers were detected in the leachate on day 1, and the highest relative concentration was detected on the fourth day (0.1 pore volume). Although the concentration of the phage 28B declined over time, the phage was still found in leachate at day 148. C. parvum oocysts and chloride had an additional rise in the relative concentration at a 0.5 pore volume, corresponding to the exchange of the total pore volume. The leaching of E. coli was delayed compared with that of the added microbial tracers, indicating a stronger attachment to slurry particles, but E. coli could be detected up to 3 months. Significantly enhanced leaching of phage 28B and oocysts by the injection method was seen, whereas leaching of the indigenous E. coli was not affected by the application method. Preferential flow was the primary transport vehicle, and the diameter of the fractures in the intact soil cores facilitated transport of all sizes of microbial tracers under natural weather conditions.

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“…To characterize the functional relations between the leaching of 16S rRNA genes and leaching of total P, dissolved P and particulate P reduced major axes were fitted (Webster, ). The values of leaching of 16S rRNA genes were positively skewed and so were transformed to logarithms (log 10 ) (Bech et al ., ) prior to estimation of the reduced major axes. Intercepts and slopes of the functional relations were determined from the reduced major axes and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transport of bacteria through soil depends on several factors such as soil type, irrigation or rainfall intensity, properties of the manure and vegetation (e.g. Entry et al, 2000;Bech et al, 2011). Groundwater wells contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) have been found in Denmark (Brüsch & Rosenberg, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria as transporters of phosphorus through soil

Glæsner

Bælum

Jacobsen

et al. 2015

European J Soil Science

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Summary The transport of phosphorus (P) from agricultural land has led to the eutrophication of surface waters worldwide, especially in areas with intensive animal production. In this research, we investigated the role of bacteria in the leaching of P through three agricultural soils with different textures, before and after the surface application of dairy slurry manure (Bos taurus L.). Leachates of intact soil columns (diameter 20 cm, height 20 cm) of loamy sand, sandy loam and loam were analysed for total bacterial cells measured by universal 16S rRNA genes, and compared with the P content of leachates. The number of 16S rRNA genes per bacterial cell was validated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a universal 16S rRNA gene primer set. Enumeration of bacterial cells by DAPI staining of cells extracted by density gradient centrifugation of the sandy loam estimated 4.6 16S rRNA genes cell−1. Leaching of bacteria was in the range of 2.5–4.5 × 105 cells ml−1 prior to application of slurry to the three soil textures. After slurry application, leaching increased to 1.1 × 106 cells ml−1 in the loamy sand, 4.9 × 106 cells ml−1 in the sandy loam and 5.0 × 106 cells ml−1 in the loam. Based on the reported P content of soil bacteria, 0.3–1.8% of the total P leached was present in the bacterial biomass when no slurry was applied, whereas slurry application increased the leaching of P from the bacterial biomass to 3−7.9% of total P leached. Bacterial leaching was related to the particulate P fraction of leachates of the loamy sand and sandy loam, but was also related to both dissolved and particulate leachate fractions of the loam. These results indicate that bacterial transport might play a role in the leaching of P from soil where manure has been applied, but this mechanism of transport is generally not addressed when considering the leaching of P.

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Leaching of Salmonella enterica in Clay Columns Comparing Two Manure Application Methods

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Persistence and Leaching Potential of Microorganisms and Mineral N in Animal Manure Applied to Intact Soil Columns

Persistence and Leaching Potential of Microorganisms and Mineral N in Animal Manure Applied to Intact Soil Columns

Leaching of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts, Escherichia coli, and a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Bacteriophage through Intact Soil Cores following Surface Application and Injection of Slurry

Bacteria as transporters of phosphorus through soil

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