Leaching properties of some degradation products of alachlor and metolachlor

Fava, Luca; Bottoni, Paola; Crobe, Angela; Funari, Enzo

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00513-5

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The herbicide degradation experiment was conducted in duplicate according to SETAC guidelines9 and previous experiments 10, 11. A simazine stock solution (1.92 mg ml −1 ) was prepared by dissolving the standard compound (99% purity) in a minimum of acetone and then diluted in sterile water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simazine biodegradation in soil: analysis of bacterial community structure by in situ hybridization

Caracciolo

Grenni

Ciccoli³

et al. 2005

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pesticide and nitrate contamination of soil and groundwater from agriculture is an environmental and public health concern worldwide. Simazine, 6-chloro-N2,N4-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, is a triazine herbicide used in agriculture for selective weed control with several types of crops and it is frequently applied to soils receiving N-fertilizers. Degradation experiments were performed in the laboratory to assess whether the biodegradation of simazine in soil may be influenced by the presence of urea. Simazine degradation rates under different experimental conditions (presence/absence of urea, microbiologically active/sterilized soil) were assessed together with the formation, degradation and transformation of its main metabolites in soil. Simazine degradation was affected by the presence of urea, in terms both of a smaller half-life (t(1/2)) and of a higher amount of desethyl-simazine formed. The soil bacterial community was also studied. Microbial abundances were determined by epifluorescence direct counting. Moreover in situ hybridization with rRNA-targeted fluorescent oligonucleotide probes was used to analyze the bacterial community structure. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect specific groups of bacteria such as the alpha,beta,gamma-subdivisions of Proteobacteria, Gram-positive bacteria with a high G + C DNA content, Planctomycetes, Betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. The presence of the herbicide and/or urea affected the bacterial community structure, showing that FISH is a valuable tool for determining the response of bacterial populations to different environmental conditions.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simazine biodegradation in soil: analysis of bacterial community structure by in situ hybridization

Caracciolo

Grenni

Ciccoli³

et al. 2005

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The risk to animal and human health is amplified by the high water solubility of alachlor (242 mg/L) and the resultant increased environmental mobility. Alachlor and its metabolites have been detected in soil, water and various biological samples [3]. Some of these intermediates are toxic or mutagenic e.g., 2,6-diethylaniline (DEA) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism study of alachlor biodegradation by Paecilomyces marquandii with proteomic and metabolomic methods

Szewczyk

Soboń

Słaba

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alachlor is a herbicide that is widely used worldwide to protect plant crops against broadleaf weeds and annual grasses. However, due to its endocrine-disrupting activity, its application has been banned in the European Union. As described in our earlier work, Paecilomyces marquandii is a microscopic fungus capable of alachlor removal by N-acetyl oxidation. Our current work employs proteomics and metabolomics to gain a better understanding of alachlor biodegradation by the microscopic fungus P. marquandii. The data revealed that the addition of alachlor reduced culture growth and glucose consumption rate. At the same time, the rates of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle increased during the initial stage of growth, and there was a shift toward the formation of supplementary materials (UDP-glucose/galactose) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers (ascorbate). Proteomic analysis revealed that the xenobiotic presence resulted in a strong upregulation of enzymes related to energy, sugar metabolism and ROS production. However, the unique overexpression of cyanide hydratase in alachlor-containing cultures may implicate this enzyme as the key protein involved in the alachlor biodegradation pathway. The characterization of P. marquandii-mediated alachlor removal in terms of cell structure and function resulted in a deeper insight into microorganism strategy toward xenobiotic biodegradation.

show abstract

“…Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, US) recognized this herbicide as slightly toxic (3rd class of toxicity). Based on the long-term animals study, alachlor was classified as a carcinogen of B2 group by EPA [4][5][6]. Additionally, alachlor was found to be a xenoestrogen, which disrupts the normal function of human and animal hormonal systems, modeling their activity in the way characteristic for female sexual hormones and it was included into the group of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alachlor oxidation by the filamentous fungus Paecilomyces marquandii

Słaba

Szewczyk

Piątek

et al. 2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alachlor, a popular chloroacetanilide herbicide, can be a potential health risk factor. Soil microorganisms are primarily responsible for conversion and migration of alachlor in natural environment, but knowledge concerning alachlor biodegradation is not complete. Therefore, we studied the ability of Paecilomyces marquandii, soil fungus tolerant to heavy metals, to eliminate alachlor and proposed a new pathway of its transformation. After 7 days of incubation only 3.3% of alachlor was detected from an initial concentration 50 mg L -1 and 20.1% from a concentration 100 mg L -1 . The qualitative IDA LC-MS analysis showed the presence of ten metabolites. All of them were dechlorinated mainly through oxidation, but also reductive dechlorination was observed. The main route of alachlor conversion progressed via N-acetyl oxidation resulting in the formation of mono-, di-and trihydroxylated byproducts. N-acetyl oxidation as a dominant route of alachlor metabolism by fungi has not been described so far. The toxicity of alachlor tested with Artemia franciscana did not increase after treatment with P. marquandii cultures. Paecilomyces marquandii strain seems to be an interesting model for the research on alachlor conversion by soil microscopic fungi, due to its dechlorination and hydroxylation ability as well as high tolerance to heavy metals.

show abstract

Leaching properties of some degradation products of alachlor and metolachlor

Cited by 41 publications

References 16 publications

Simazine biodegradation in soil: analysis of bacterial community structure by in situ hybridization

Simazine biodegradation in soil: analysis of bacterial community structure by in situ hybridization

Mechanism study of alachlor biodegradation by Paecilomyces marquandii with proteomic and metabolomic methods

Alachlor oxidation by the filamentous fungus Paecilomyces marquandii

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About