Lead acetate induces hippocampal pyramidal neuron degeneration in mice via up-regulation of executioner caspase-3, oxido-inflammatory stress expression and decreased BDNF and cholinergic activity: Reversal effects of Gingko biloba supplement

Pleiotropic attenuating effect of Ginkgo biloba against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction via improving Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2/Na+, K+-ATPase activities

“…The findings of our study also demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac nitrite levels in ISO-treated rats, indicating a dysregulation of nitric oxide signalling that may further contributed to the animals’ poor cardiovascular performance ( Srivastava et al, 2022 ). Accordingly, NO was thought to mediate glutamatergic excitotoxicity via synergistic and cooperative release of glutamate and inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α by cardiac cells, thereby creating a favourable environment that exacerbated cardiac damage and heart failure ( Ben-Azu et al, 2022 , Asiwe et al, 2022b , Asiwe et al, 2024 ). On the other hand, GBE treatment significantly lowered cardiac nitrite, thereby reinstating the normal nitric oxide signalling and inhibition of peroxynitrite damage.…”

“…Numerous studies have shown that G. biloba extract (GBE) helped to treat a variety of illnesses, including type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis ( Asiwe et al, 2024 , Liu et al, 2022 ), hypertension ( Asiwe et al, 2023c , Asiwe et al, 2023b , Asiwe et al, 2023a ) and dementia ( Shareena and Kumar, 2022 , Adebayo et al, 2023 ). GBE was frequently utilized to treat oxidative stress-related disorders since it was high in antioxidants ( Adebayo et al, 2022 , Asiwe et al, 2023a , Barbalho et al, 2022 , Ben-Azu et al, 2022 ). With this background, we investigated the mechanism by which G. biloba extract attenuated the cardiomyocyte damage caused by isoprenaline exposure in a Wistar rat model.…”

Dynamic changes in the hippocampal memory index and biochemical indices in Sprague Dawley rats exposed to intrauterine kola nut

“…The brain functionality and adaptive capacity are regulated by synaptic plasticity mediated by neurotrophins, which play crucial roles in controlling synapses, the cholinergic system, and neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF) in the adult brain (Rozov et al, 2017;Isaeva et al, 2018). Interestingly, the BDNF and the cholinergic system neurotransmitter are broadly distributed throughout the brain, and their expressions are most prominent in hippocampal activities such as cognition, neuroplasticity, synaptic function, and dendritic restructuring (Colucci-D'amato et al, 2020;Ben-Azu et al, 2022). Moreover, a reduction in the BDNF and ACh levels in the hippocampus might impede these processes, with neuroplasticity and memory retrieval and consolidation becoming difficult.…”

The protective role of ginsenoside Rg3 in heart diseases and mental disorders

“…Additionally, YY162, consisting of Rg3 extracted from P. ginseng C. A. Mey. and Ginkgo biloba L. ( Ben-Azu et al, 2022b ; Asiwe et al, 2023 ), exerted protective activity on ADHD through modulating oxidative metabolism and the BDNF/TrkB pathway ( Nam et al, 2014 ). Yet, the mechanism of Rg3 on ADHD requires further research and exploration.…”