Lead contamination and mobility in surface water at trap and skeet ranges

Stansley, William; Widjeskog, Lee; Roscoe, Douglas E.

doi:10.1007/bf00200775

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…65 hasta los 838 µg/L. La OMS y la UE 77 han establecido un máximo de Pb de 10 µg/L para aguas de consumo humano, y desde las páginas de esta misma revista se ha especulado con los perdigones como posible fuente de contaminación de aguas de uso público 78 .…”

Section: Vía Digestiva Indirecta: Agua Y Suelos Contaminadosunclassified

¿Es el plomo empleado en deportes (caza, tiro y pesca deportiva) un problema de salud pública infravalorado?

Guitart¹,

Thomas²

2005

Rev. Esp. Salud Publica

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INTRODUCCIÓNEl plomo (Pb) es el metal pesado que históricamente más problemas sanitarios y de contaminación ha causado en el mundo [1][2][3][4] . A pesar de las muchas medidas adoptadas en contra de su utilización en las últimas dos o tres décadas 1,2,[4][5][6] , su pertinaz presencia en el aire, suelo, agua y alimentos sigue considerándose todavía un factor de riesgo de primera magnitud, en especial para niños 1,3,5 y para algunos animales silvestres 4,6,7 . No en vano, hasta principios del siglo XX fue, tras el hierro, el segundo metal más empleado, y RESUMENLa munición y los pesos empleados en actividades recreativas como la caza, el tiro y la pesca deportiva han sido fabricados tradicionalmente con plomo. En España la caza y el tiro son responsables de la dispersión en la naturaleza de cerca de 6.000 toneladas anuales del metal pesado, mientras que podemos estimar en 100 las aportadas por pescadores deportivos a las zonas acuáticas. Las pocas medidas legales que varios países han adoptado en contra del uso del plomo en esos deportes se han basado en las pruebas irrefutables que indicaban que cada año fallecían intoxicadas millones de aves, que ingerían inadvertidamente esos pequeños objetos de plomo hallados abandonados en sus hábitats naturales. En este trabajo se discute si el enfoque conservacionista que se ha dado hasta ahora al problema resulta adecuado, y si las evidencias de los daños sobre los seres humanos son o no suficientes para extender todavía más esas medidas de prohibición, en especial teniendo en cuenta que en niños se considera que no hay dosis de exposición segura. Se concluye que en algunos aspectos los datos ya existen, aunque en otros los estudios tóxico-epidemiológicos son todavía escasos, sugiriendo que al tema se le ha prestado poca atención. En cualquier caso, resulta preocupante constatar que el principio de precaución no se ha aplicado para solucionar un problema cuyos efectos sanitarios serán más a largo plazo que inmediatos.Palabras clave: Perdigones de plomo. Pesos de pesca. Contaminación por metales pesados. Campos de tiro. Salud humana. ABSTRACT Is Lead Used in Sports (Hunting, Shooting and Angling) an Underestimated Public Health Problem?Ammunition and fishing weights used in recreational hunting, shooting and fishing sports have been made traditionally with lead. In Spain, for example, hunters and shooters are responsible for the dispersion of some 6.000 tonnes of the heavy metal yearly, into wetland and dryland areas, and an estimated 100 tonnes are contributed by anglers to the aquatic zones. The few legal measures that several countries have adopted banning the use of the lead in these sports are based on the irrefutable proof that every year millions of birds were poisoned lethally, due to the inadvertent ingestion of lead shot and sinkers found in their habitats. We analyzed whether the present conservationist approach to the problem is suitable, and if the evidence of damage to human beings is, or is not, sufficient to warrant even more prohibitive measures, especial...

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Section: Vía Digestiva Indirecta: Agua Y Suelos Contaminadosunclassified

¿Es el plomo empleado en deportes (caza, tiro y pesca deportiva) un problema de salud pública infravalorado?

Guitart¹,

Thomas²

2005

Rev. Esp. Salud Publica

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“…15 16 Pb contamination has not only been restricted to shooting range soils but pollution in water has also been detected in surface water samples at places close to shooting ranges. 17,18 The study by Stansley and co-investigators indicated elevated levels of Pb of 1270 µg L -1 in surface water within the shot fall zone of the impact berm compared to nearby control areas of less than 1 µg L -1 of total Pb within short distance from the shooting range. 18 In 1988, VanBon recorded Pb concentrations of 1300 µg L -1 in surface water on a clay shooting range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18 The study by Stansley and co-investigators indicated elevated levels of Pb of 1270 µg L -1 in surface water within the shot fall zone of the impact berm compared to nearby control areas of less than 1 µg L -1 of total Pb within short distance from the shooting range. 18 In 1988, VanBon recorded Pb concentrations of 1300 µg L -1 in surface water on a clay shooting range. 5 Increased levels of Pb were also recorded in Florida's firing range at a concentration of 289 µg L -1 9 near the firing line while quantities of 473 µg L -1 have been reported by Craig and co-workers 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead pollution of shooting range soils

et al. 2017

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“…Concentrations can range from 24 lg/l to 864 lg/l in draining waters from French dredged sediments, (Mouchet et al 2005a) and from 98 lg/ l ( Barreaud et al 1998) to 180 lg/l (Balade`s et al 1985 near French motorways in water streaming. However, more elevated concentrations have been reported for instance at shooting ranges (Stansley et al 1992) and in eluates of contaminated soil ranging from 25 mg/l (Be´kaert et al 2002) to 76 mg/l (Mouchet et al 2006).…”

Section: Acute Toxicity Genotoxicity and Lead Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessment of Lead Ecotoxicity in Water using the Amphibian Larvae (Xenopus laevis) and Preliminary Study of its Immobilization in Meat and Bone Meal Combustion Residues

et al. 2006

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Lead (Pb) is a major chemical pollutant of the environment. It has been associated with human activities for the last 6000 years. Quite rightly, it remains a public health concern today. The present investigation evaluates the toxic potential of Pb in larvae of the toad Xenopus laevis after 12 days exposure in lab conditions. Acute toxicity, genotoxicity and Pb bioaccumulation were analyzed. The genotoxic effects were analyzed in the circulating blood from the levels of micronucleus induction according to the French standard micronucleus assay (AFNOR 2000 Association française de normalization. Norme NFT 90-325. Qualité de l'Eau. Evaluation de la génotoxicité au moyen de larves d'amphibien (Xenopus laevis, Pleurodeles waltl)). Lead bioaccumulation was analyzed in the liver of larvae at the end of exposure. Moreover, the toxic potential of lead, in aquatic media, was investigated in the presence of meat and bone meal combustion residues (MBMCR) known to be rich in phosphates and a potential immobiliser of lead. Previously, acute toxicity and genotoxicity of MBMCR alone were evaluated using Xenopus larvae. The results obtained in the present study demonstrated: (i) that lead is acutely toxic and genotoxic to amphibian larvae from 1 mg Pb/l and its bioaccumulation is significant in the liver of larvae from the lowest concentration of exposure (1 microg Pb/l), (ii) MBMCR were not acutely toxic nor genotoxic in Xenopus larvae, (iii) lead in presence of MBMCR induced inhibition or reduction of the toxic and genotoxic potential of lead in water at concentrations that do not exceed the capacity of MBMCR of Pb-binding (iv) Pb accumulation in larvae exposed to lead with MBMCR in water was lower than Pb-accumulation in larvae exposed to lead alone except at the concentration of 0.01 mg Pb/l suggesting complex mechanisms of MBMCR interaction in organisms. The results confirm the high toxicity and genotoxicity of lead in the aquatic compartment and suggest the potential utility of MBMCR for use in remediation.

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Lead contamination and mobility in surface water at trap and skeet ranges

Cited by 45 publications

References 5 publications

¿Es el plomo empleado en deportes (caza, tiro y pesca deportiva) un problema de salud pública infravalorado?

¿Es el plomo empleado en deportes (caza, tiro y pesca deportiva) un problema de salud pública infravalorado?

Lead pollution of shooting range soils

Assessment of Lead Ecotoxicity in Water using the Amphibian Larvae (Xenopus laevis) and Preliminary Study of its Immobilization in Meat and Bone Meal Combustion Residues

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