Lead-free electrostrictive bismuth perovskite ceramics with thermally stable field-induced strains

Temperature‐ and Frequency‐Dependent Properties of the 0.75Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–0.25SrTiO3 Lead‐Free Incipient Piezoceramic

“…). This behavior is expected from the electromechanical responses of lead‐containing and lead‐free relaxors.…”

Strain enhancement in Bi1/2(Na0.82K0.18)1/2TiO3 lead-free electromechanical ceramics by co-doping with Li and Ta

“…This transition was recently clarified by synchrotron X-rays [26,27], neutron diffraction [28], transmission electron microscopy [29], and conventional X-ray diffraction [30][31][32][33][34] studies under electric fields. Although nonpolar Bi-perovskites far from the FE-NP phase boundary were recently found to exhibit thermally stable electrostrictive coefficients [35,36], an understanding of the nature of nonpolar or weak polar state near the phase boundary is still lacking.…”

Strain Mechanisms in Lead-Free Ferroelectrics for Actuators

“…119  Temperature insensitive electrostrictive strain output was discovered in some materials. 120 One of the most thoroughly investigated class of lead-free relaxors are BNT-based incipient piezoelectrics. Incipient piezoelectrics can be defined as materials that possess a destabilized ferroelectric state achieved by the addition of chemical dopants or modifiers.…”