Lead‐Free Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Shi, Zejiao; Guo, Jia; Chen, Yonghua; Li, Qi; Pan, Yufeng; Hai-juan, Zhang; Xia, Yingdong; Huang, Wei

doi:10.1002/adma.201605005

Cited by 632 publications

(457 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(224 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

438

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[19] Among them, Sn-based photovoltaic devices exhibit great potential because of its promising absorption caused by lower optical bandgap and room-temperature stable crystal phase (α-phase). The toxic element lead (Pb) employed in traditional perovskite (e.g., CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) is an obstacle to the development of environment-friendly perovskite photovoltaic devices.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/advs201800793mentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Crystallization Kinetics for Efficient and Stable Low‐Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (LDRP) Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low‐dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (LDRP) lead‐free perovskite has great potential due to its improved stability and oriented crystal growth, which is mainly attributed to the effective control of crystallization kinetics. However, the crystallization kinetics of LDRP lead‐free perovskite films are highly limited by Lewis theory. Here, the management of the crystallization kinetics of LDRP tin (Sn) perovskite films jointly controlled by Lewis adducts and the ion exchange process using a mixture of polar aprotic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ion liquid solvent methylammonium acetate (MAAc) (the process named as “L‐I”) is demonstrated. Homogeneous nucleated LDRP Sn perovskite films with average grain size close to 9 µm are achieved. Both low electron and hole defect density with a magnitude of 1016, high carrier mobility, and excellent electrical performance are obtained. As a result, the LDRP Sn perovskite solar cell (PSC) with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.03% is achieved using a simple one‐step method without antisolvents, which is one of the best LDRP Sn PSCs. Most importantly, the PSC exhibits excellent stability with no degradation in PCE after 94 d in a nitrogen atmosphere owing to the high‐quality film and the inhibition of the oxidation of Sn2+.

show abstract

Section: Doi: 101002/advs201800793mentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Crystallization Kinetics for Efficient and Stable Low‐Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (LDRP) Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Photovoltaic effects of bismuth-halide materials as light harvesters have been confirmed, with much increased stability compared to lead-based absorbers. [25][26][27] Great diversity among the anionic structures of iodobismuthates can be found. 31 ), PCEs are normally reported around 0.2-0.3%…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending lead-free hybrid photovoltaic materials to new structures: thiazolium, aminothiazolium and imidazolium iodobismuthates

Wang

Nichol

et al. 2018

Dalton Trans.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report on the synthesis, crystal structures, optoelectronic properties and solar cell device studies of three novel organic-inorganic iodobismuthates - ]) as the light absorber in a hole-conductor-free, fully printable solar cell, with relatively good reproducibility. We also note the observation of a capacitance effect for the first time in a photovoltaic device with bismuth-based solar absorber, which may be related to the mesoporous carbon counter-electrode.

show abstract

“…Such a concept is quite old and has been explored for HP(A) related Cs systems like Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 and Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 [149,150] and other alkalimetals (A =K, Rb, Cs). [82] Although it appears hard to imagine group XIII elements in OS = +2, computational screening yields hypothetical perovskites that are, surprisingly, nonmetallic for Ga and In. [152] To date, such structures were not found as perovskites but preferring hexagonal or layered structures.…”

Section: Organic A-site: Hp(a)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mix and Match: Organic and Inorganic Ions in the Perovskite Lattice

Gebhardt

Rappe

2018

Advanced Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

X-site anions are possible, with only two general requirements that must be fulfilled: i) charge neutrality in the ABX 3 unit (typically, X is a divalent or monovalent anion, hence A and B cations with oxidation states between +1 and +5 can be combined) and ii) the ionic radii of the chosen composition must allow the above coordination, or different phases become more stable. Both of these simple design rules have a certain flexibility.The electronic argument i) can be stretched by allowing the combination of multiple ABX 3 units to form an overall charge neutral unit. For example, this is the case when considering A 2 BB′X 6 or AA′B 2 X 6 systems. Such double perovskite systems are known with B and B′ (A and A′) being the same elemental species (disproportion in oxidation state, e.g., Cs 2 Au + Au 3+ I 6 ) [20] or different ones (e.g., SrBaTi 2 O 6 [21] and SrPbTi 2 O 6 [22] for A-site disproportion or K 2 NbTaO 6 [23] and Bi 2 FeCrO 6 [24] for the B-site). Of course, this concept can also be used to combine three ABX 3 units (e.g., (CaTiO 3 ) n (SrTiO 3 ) l (BaTiO 3 ) m [25-27]) and much more complex stoichiometries with mixed ratios (e.g., (Pb 2 InNbO 6 ) 3/4 (Ba 2 InBiO 6 ) 1/4 [28] or [CaMn 3 3+ ][Mn 3 3+ Mn 4+ ] O 12 ] [29] ). Furthermore, although the bonding character in oxide perovskites is often mainly ionic, some compositions have an increased level of covalency (e.g., halides, sulfides, Bi-and Pbbased oxide perovskites). Thus, the electronic shell configuration and other effects like the steric demands of a metal lonepair will influence the structure and stability of ABX 3 perovskite compounds.In addition, the geometric argument ii) allows for some flexibility. For a perfectly cubic perovskite, the (effective) ionic radii r must fulfill the relation of Goldschmidt's tolerance factor 2( ) 1 A X B X t r r r r = + + = . [30,31] However, perovskites can exist also with t being not ideal, usually in a range of about 0.75 < t < 1.05. [8] Whenever t ≠ 1, the crystal distorts from an ideal cubic lattice, usually in form of off-center displacements, octahedral rotations, or a combination of both. The classification of Glazer [32,33] can be used to describe such distortions from a perfectly cubic perovskite. [34] It is further possible that ABX 3 compounds are stable whose t does not fall into the interval that is required for the perovskite crystal structure. In these cases that are no longer stabilized by deformations and tilting, one observes other phases where the connectivity of BX 6Materials science evolves to a state where the composition and structure of a crystal can be controlled almost at will. Given that a composition meets basic requirements of stoichiometry, steric demands, and charge neutrality, researchers are now able to investigate a wide range of compounds theoretically and, under various experimental conditions, select the constituting fragments of a crystal. One intriguing playground for such materials design is the perovskite structure. While a game of mixing and matching ions has been pla...

show abstract

Lead‐Free Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Cited by 632 publications

References 158 publications

Management of Crystallization Kinetics for Efficient and Stable Low‐Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (LDRP) Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Management of Crystallization Kinetics for Efficient and Stable Low‐Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (LDRP) Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Extending lead-free hybrid photovoltaic materials to new structures: thiazolium, aminothiazolium and imidazolium iodobismuthates

Mix and Match: Organic and Inorganic Ions in the Perovskite Lattice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About