Lead-germanate glasses and fibers: a practical alternative to tellurite for nonlinear fiber applications

Munasinghe, H. Tilanka; Winterstein-Beckmann, A.; Schiele, Christian; Manzani, Danilo; Wondraczek, Lothar; Afshar, V Shahraam; Monro, Tanya M.; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Heike

doi:10.1364/ome.3.001488

Cited by 71 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For better control over the preform-to-fiber transformation, it is preferable for the materials to have low thermal expansion to avoid structural deformation. The low thermal expansion of silica with respect to IR glasses is behind the more precise control over the structure of silica MOFs [35,36] compared to that achieved in IR MOFs [12,20,28,110,111]. A large specific heat necessitates a longer heating time to soften the material, but renders the material less sensitive to temperature fluctuations during drawing and the process thus more stable.…”

Section: Criteria For Drawing An Infrared Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(c) Absorption spectra of sodium-zinc-tellurite (TZNL) and lead-germanate (GPLN) glasses melted in ambient and dry atmospheres. Reprinted with permission from [111]. Copyright 2013 Optical Society of America.…”

Section: Tellurite Glass Infrared Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect is particularly prominent in the NIR, where absorption due to OH groups is significantly lower compared with the MIR. For tellurite glass fibers with low OH content, it becomes apparent that the multiphonon edge is composed of two components with different slopes [111]. The short wavelength tail of the multiphonon edge in the range of approximately Steps to fabricate a small-core extruded tellurite preform.…”

Section: Tellurite Glass Infrared Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Infrared fibers

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infrared (IR) fibers offer a versatile approach to guiding and manipulating light in the IR spectrum, which is becoming increasingly more prominent in a variety of scientific disciplines and technological applications. Despite well-established efforts on the fabrication of IR fibers in past decades, a number of remarkable breakthroughs have recently rejuvenated the field-just as related areas in IR optical technology are reaching maturation. In this review, we describe both the history and recent developments in the design and fabrication of IR fibers, including IR glass and single-crystal fibers, multimaterial fibers, and fibers that exploit the transparency window of traditional crystalline semiconductors. This interdisciplinary review will be of interest to researchers in optics and photonics, materials science, and electrical engineering.

show abstract

Section: Criteria For Drawing An Infrared Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tellurite Glass Infrared Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tellurite Glass Infrared Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Infrared fibers

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is reported that up to ≈10 × 10 20 Ln 3+ cm −3 was doped in tellurite glass or ZBLAN glass, [ 15 ] and up to 23 × 10 20 Ln 3+ ions cm −3 was achieved in germanate glass. [ 16 ] The Ln 3+ ions density of in situ grown NCs in glass ceramics is slightly higher than that of Ln…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Upconversion Nanocrystal‐Doped Glass: A New Paradigm for Photonic Materials

Zhao

Zheng

Schartner

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The integration of novel luminescent nanomaterials into glassy matrix can lead to new hybrid materials and photonic devices with promising material performance and device functions. Lanthanide‐containing upconversion nanocrystals have become unique candidates for sensing, bioimaging, photon energy management, volumetric displays, and other photonic applications. Here, a versatile direct‐doping approach is developed to integrate bright upconversion nanocrystals in tellurite glass with tailored nanoscale properties. Following our two‐temperature glass‐melting technique, the doping temperature window of 550–625 °C and a 5 min dwell time at 577 °C are determined as the key to success, which balances the survival and dispersion of upconversion nanocrystals in glass. It is identified that the fine spectra of upconversion emissions can be used to diagnose the survival and dissolution fraction of doped nanocrystals in the glass. Moreover, 3D dispersion of nanocrystals in the glass is visualized by upconversion scanning confocal microscopy. It is further demonstrated that a low‐loss fiber, drawn from the highly transparent nanocrystals‐doped glass retains the distinct optical properties of upconversion nanocrystals. These results suggest a robust strategy for fabrication of high‐quality upconversion nanocrystal‐doped glasses. The new class of hybrid glasses allows for fiber‐based devices to be developed for photonic applications or as a useful tool for tailoring light–nanoparticles interactions study.

show abstract

“…With an in-band pump at 1568 nm, an ∼2-μm Tmdoped fiber laser in a barium gallo-germanate glass system was demonstrated with a slope efficiency of 7.6% [12] . In comparison, lead germanate glass systems have relatively large glass-forming regions, low softening temperatures, and good formability while maintaining high IR transmissions [13][14][15] , which make them potential candidates for mid-IR fibers. A Tm-doped lead germanate fiber laser at 1.88 μm, pumped by a 794-nm Ti:sapphire laser and with a slope efficiency of 13%, was first reported in 1992 [16] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-efficiency ～2 μm laser in a single-mode Tm-doped lead germanate composite fiber

Kuan¹,

Fan²,

Li³

et al. 2016

中国光学快报

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A highly Tm-doped lead germanate glass fiber is developed using the rod-in-tube method. The ∼2 μm laser beam quality of the fiber is ∼1.5. The lead germanate composite fiber jumpers are homemade for all the fiber laser investigations. When core is pumped by a 1590 nm Yb/Er fiber laser, a maximum laser output of 313 mW is achieved at a 670 mW pump power, and the corresponding slope efficiency is ∼52.8%. Moreover, by using a 2 cmlong lead germanate fiber as the gain medium, a 33 mW 1942 nm Tm laser is also demonstrated.OCIS codes: 160.5690, 160.2290, 140.3510. doi: 10.3788/COL201614.081601.Fiber lasers operating in the 2 μm eye-safe region have been studied extensively owing to their potential applications, including environmental sensing, laser radar, space communication, and efficient mid-infrared (IR) light generation [1][2][3][4][5] . In the past decade, rapid progress has been made with the development of ∼2 μm Tm-doped fiber lasers. Compared with silica glass, multicomponent glass as a fiber host has several advantages, including a lower phonon energy, resulting in a wider IR transmission range, high rare earth solubility, resulting in high gain per unit length, and a larger absorption/emission cross section, and it has attracted considerable attention [6][7][8][9] . In particular, germanate glasses, which have not only better mechanical strength and chemical durability than fluoride glasses but also higher thermal stability than tellurite glasses for output scaling, are promising materials for realizing 2 μm fiber lasers. In 2007, a 104 W ∼2 μm laser produced by a large-core-area single-mode germanate fiber was reported [10] , and it is the highest output power among various multicomponent glass fibers. Furthermore, some efforts for developing germanate fiber glasses have also been made. For example, a 0.75 W laser output with a slope efficiency of 28.7% was obtained in a Tm-doped tellurium germanate glass fiber pumped by a 793 nm diode laser [11] . With an in-band pump at 1568 nm, an ∼2-μm Tmdoped fiber laser in a barium gallo-germanate glass system was demonstrated with a slope efficiency of 7.6% [12] . In comparison, lead germanate glass systems have relatively large glass-forming regions, low softening temperatures, and good formability while maintaining high IR transmissions [13][14][15] , which make them potential candidates for mid-IR fibers. A Tm-doped lead germanate fiber laser at 1.88 μm, pumped by a 794-nm Ti:sapphire laser and with a slope efficiency of 13%, was first reported in 1992 [16] . In our previous work [17] , we demonstrated an ∼2 μm continuous-wave laser and a passively pulsed laser based on a lead germanate fiber. Commercial lead silicate glasses, which possess the appropriate thermal properties and viscosities, can be used as fiber cladding materials to reduce the cost. In these reports, the large difference between the refractive indices of the germanate glass core and the silicate glass cladding leads to a multimode laser operation. However, a single-mode fiber is needed for deve...

show abstract

Lead-germanate glasses and fibers: a practical alternative to tellurite for nonlinear fiber applications

Cited by 71 publications

References 49 publications

Infrared fibers

Infrared fibers

Upconversion Nanocrystal‐Doped Glass: A New Paradigm for Photonic Materials

High-efficiency ～2 μm laser in a single-mode Tm-doped lead germanate composite fiber

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About