Lead ion selective PVC membrane electrode based on 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)

Rouhollahi, Ahmad; Ganjali, Mohammad Reza; Shamsipur, Mojtaba

doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(97)00421-9

Cited by 90 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This seems to be related to the low solubility of the complex of the interfering ions with TpClPB -. 16 Also, the effects of anions on the pH response can also be seen in Table 3. Their anion interference imposes a limitation on their use in acidic solution, because it is formed as a more stable complex.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of a Polypyrrole Solid Contact pH-Selective Electrode Based on Tertiary Amine Ionophores Containing Different Alkyl Chain Lengths between Nitrogen and aPhenyl Group

et al. 2003

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There have been huge developments in ion selective electrode (ISE) research over the past 40 years. Nevertheless, the traditional barrel configuration 1 was proved to be cumbersome for some applications.Thus attempts were made for miniaturization, which brought about some new sensing systems, called wire-type electrodes (WTEs), such as the solid contact electrodes (SCEs) 2,3 and coated wire electrodes (CWEs). 4 In WTEs, a total elimination of the internal filling solution provides new advantages. Simplicity of design, lower costs, mechanical flexibility, the possibility of miniaturization and microfabrication have widened the applications for wiretype electrodes in the fields of medicine and biotechnology. Especially, in SCEs, after polymerization, this polymer-coated metal electrodes are dipped into in a PVC cocktail membrane solution until a bead is formed. These electrodes based on the electropolymerization method of amino derivatives onto the metal surface 5 produced very good results, such as stabilization of the base potential, reproducibility, best selectivities, wide response ranges and fast response time.Because electroconductive polymers, such as polyaniline and polypyrrole, show well-documented electronic/ionic conductivity, 6 many researchers have utilized them as an electron conducting polymer layer having anionic dopants. 7 Thus, in this study we used an electoconductive polypyrrole layer which could act as a solid contact between a pH-selective PVC membrane containing the ion carrier and a metal contact.In recent years, there have been several reports on a hydrogen ion-selective electrode and ionophores. 8 Most of these electrodes were based on PVC membranes containing tertiary amine compounds. 9 In these tertiary alkyl amine compound ionophores, the representative hydrogen ion ionophore was tridodecylamine, which showed good selectivity and the slopes of the EMF responses. However, because measurements were limited to the dynamic range of pH 4.5 -11.0, to measure a greater alkaline pH range, other ionophores had to be studied. The former researchers reported that as the pKa value of the ionophores in a membrane increased, the response range of electrodes containing the tertiary amine ionophores widened. 10Also in our lab, we recently reported that tribenzylamine ionophore 11 yielded a wider applicable pH range and a better selectivity coefficient than any other trialkylamine ionophore, including tridodecylamine. 12 In the present work we used a tertiary amine ionophore including a phenyl ring, like a tribenzylamine, and intended to produce an all-solid contact potentiometric sensor for hydrogen ion based on polypyrrole, which was covered with a plastic PVC membrane including these ionophores. We synthesized a tris(2-phenylethyl)amine ionophore and a tris(3-phenylpropyl)amine ionophore, which were compared with the result of a tribenzylamine ionophore. We also wanted to prove that the response ranges are affected (shifted dynamic range to the alkali range) as the alkyl chain length between the n...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of a Polypyrrole Solid Contact pH-Selective Electrode Based on Tertiary Amine Ionophores Containing Different Alkyl Chain Lengths between Nitrogen and aPhenyl Group

et al. 2003

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“…This seems to be related to the low solubility of the complex of the interfering ions with TpClPB -. 30 The effect of anions on the pH response can also be seen in Table 1 . Their anion interference imposes a limitation to their use in an acidic solution, because it is formed as a more stable complex, as noted above.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behavior of a Poly(aniline) Solid Contact pH Selective Electrode Based on N,N,N′,N′-Tetrabenzylethanediamine Ionophore

et al. 2001

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A glass electrode is the most popular electrode in the determination of acidity owing to its high selectivity, reliability and dynamic pH range. However, the disadvantages of glass electrodes, such as high ohmic resistance, the need for an internal solution and the fragility of glass, suggest that other materials might be more suitable. Thus, non-glass hydrogen ion-selective electrodes have been studied by many researchers. Among them, especially, hydrogen ion-selective solvent polymeric membrane electrodes have been studied more than others. The first solvent polymeric membrane pH electrodes containing an ionophore, instead of glass, have been proposed by Ammann et al. and Schulthess et al. 1,2 This electrode has a PVC layer with tridodecylamine used as an ion carrier and an internal filling solution. Later, other researchers continued to study pH sensing materials and the electrode configuration. Thus, other various compounds (aliphatic, heteroaromatic and their derivatives) 3-9 have been studied as carriers of hydrogen ions; various configurations of this hydrogen ion-selective electrode have also been investigated. These compounds yielded a wider applicable pH range and a better selectivity coefficient. The results were particularly good when tertiary amine compounds were applied. Also, there have been developments concerning the configuration of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). The configurations of ISEs were changed from the traditional barrel configuration 10 to wire-type electrodes. 11-14 These electrodes sometimes exhibit better selectivities than conventional-type electrodes with an internal solution. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] However, the standard potential of coated-wire electrodes is often unstable, varying for one electrode during its lifetime, as well as differing among electrodes of the same type. These systems cannot provide very reproducible potentials due to blocking the electrons between the PVC membrane coating and the metal. 23 Thus, many researchers have utilized an electron conducting polymer layer with an anionic dopant. 24 They made an electroconductive layer on a metal surface by employing the electrochemical method. This layer, such as poly(aniline), poly(pyrrole), or poly(thiophene), increased the adhesion between the metal substrate and a PVC layer containing ionophore, thus enabling anion or electron transfer at the interface. Especially, poly(aniline) is a versatile material and has many different applications. This poly(aniline) film may be used to construct all solid state sensors by taking advantage of the electronic as well as ionic conductivity. 25 In this study, we used poly(aniline), which could act as a solid contact between a pH-selective PVC membrane containing the ion carrier and a metal contact. In this paper, an all solid state potentiometric sensor for hydrogen ion based on poly(aniline), covered with a plastic PVC membrane and activated by N,N,N′,N′-tetrabenzylethanediamine ionophore, is presented and evaluated in the terms of the analytical application. We a...

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“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Thus, several membranes of various plasticizer/PVC/II/ additive ratios were tested and the results are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Jmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As is obvious, the sensitivity of the membrane electrode is strongly affected by the nature of plasticizer, this is due to the influence of plasticizer on the dielectric constant of the membrane phase, the mobility of the ionophore molecules and the state of ligand. [14][15][16] Among three different plasticizers employed, the use of DBP resulted in the Nernstian behavior of the electrode over a wide concentration range.…”

Section: Jmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Thallium(I)-Selective Membrane Electrode Based on a Podal Ligand

2003

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A PVC-based membrane electrode for thallium(I) ions based on 1, 21,23,25-tetramethyl-2,20: 3,19-dimetheno-[H, 2] , and a detection limit 5.0 × 10 −6 M. It has a very fast response time of <10 s and can be used for at least ten weeks without a considerable divergence in potentials. This electrode revealed comparatively good selectivity with respect to alkali, alkaline earth, and some transition and heavy metal ions and was effective in a pH range of 2.0-10.0. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of thallium ion with sulfide ion.

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Lead ion selective PVC membrane electrode based on 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)

Cited by 90 publications

References 26 publications

Behavior of a Polypyrrole Solid Contact pH-Selective Electrode Based on Tertiary Amine Ionophores Containing Different Alkyl Chain Lengths between Nitrogen and aPhenyl Group

Behavior of a Polypyrrole Solid Contact pH-Selective Electrode Based on Tertiary Amine Ionophores Containing Different Alkyl Chain Lengths between Nitrogen and aPhenyl Group

The Behavior of a Poly(aniline) Solid Contact pH Selective Electrode Based on N,N,N′,N′-Tetrabenzylethanediamine Ionophore

Novel Thallium(I)-Selective Membrane Electrode Based on a Podal Ligand

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