Lead Levels Among Children Who Live in Public Housing

Rabito, Felicia A.; Shorter, Charles; White, LuAnn

doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000060458.28457.e2

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Previous studies have found that children living in low-income housing and public housing are most likely to have elevated BLLs. 18,19 Our results suggest that low-income Mexican-American children living in older housing, particularly younger children, are at increased risk for elevated BLLs, independent of language, generational status, and other potential confounding factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Blood Lead Levels among Mexican-American Children and Adolescents in the United States

2005

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1 to 17 years. The main study outcome measures included a continuous measure (µg/dL) of BLL and two dichotomous measures of BLL (Ն5 µg/dL and Ն10 µg/dL).Results. The mean BLL among Mexican-American children in the United States was 3.45 µg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.07, 3.87); 20% had BLL Ն5 µg/dL (95% CI 15%, 24%); and 4% had BLL Ն10 µg/dL (95% CI 2%, 6%). In multivariate analyses, gender, age, generational status, home language, family income, education of head of household, age of housing, and source of drinking water were statistically significant independent predictors (pϽ0.05) of having higher BLLs and of having BLL Ն5 µg/dL, whereas age, family income, housing age, and source of drinking water were significant predictors (pϽ0.05) of having BLL Ն10 µg/dL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Blood Lead Levels among Mexican-American Children and Adolescents in the United States

2005

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“…During drought when soils are dry and dusty, blood lead tends to increase; during wet periods, when dust is settled, blood lead tends to decrease ). Furthermore, research has shown that the blood Pb of children living in inner-city public housing are as elevated as the children living in inner-city private housing (Rabito et al 2003). New Orleans inner-city soil has become so severely loaded with Pb that it presents a major hazard for children regardless of where they live in the CORE; in pre-Katrina New Orleans, around 25% of the inner city children had elevated blood Pb levels (Mielke 2005; Louisiana Office of Public Health, J. Takinaka, 2005, Personal Communication).…”

Section: Age Of Construction and Pb Based Paintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban soil-lead (Pb) footprint: retrospective comparison of public and private properties in New Orleans

Mielke

Gonzales

Powell³

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

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Lead (Pb) is a toxin that after childhood exposure poses a lifetime of health risks. One route of exposure is soil-Pb as a result of 12 million metric tons of Pb residue in paint and gasoline sold in the US during the 20th Century. Pb accumulated in soil of the community is a good predictor for blood Pb of children living there. This retrospective study compares the soil-Pb on Housing Authority of New Orleans (HANO) properties with adjacent private residential (RES) properties within a 0.8 km (0.5 mile) radius. The sample subset (n = 951) is from two soil-Pb surveys (total n = 9,493) conducted between 1989 and 2000. The properties were in both the inner city (CORE) and outlying (OUTER) communities. The data were analyzed using multiresponse permutation procedures (MRPP). The soil-Pb results differ significantly (P-value < 0.001) on same-aged HANO properties at different locations; thus, year of construction does not give adequate explanation for the soil-Pb differences. HANO and RES soils are significantly more Pb contaminated in the CORE than in OUTER communities (P-value < 0.001). The CORE has many more years of traffic congestion than OUTER communities; therefore, the lead additives to gasoline, and not lead-based paint, best elucidate the differences of the soil-Pb footprint at HANO and RES properties in the CORE and OUTER communites. Currently HANO properties are being redeveloped with cleaner soil, but soil on RES properties in the CORE of New Orleans remains a large source of Pb (median = 707 mg/kg in this study) for human exposure, especially children.

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“…10 mg dl -1 ) has decreased by 80% (to ,2.2%) since the late 1970s, childhood Pb poisoning remains a public health menace in urban areas (Brody et al 1994). Children of low-income and minority families located in the inner-city endure high rates of Pb poisoning; over 15% of children in many cities have blood levels of or exceeding the maximum 'safe' level of 10 mg dl -1 (Rabito et al 2003). Pb -a neurotoxin -can permanently impair the brain's functioning, inhibiting a child's mental and behavioural development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of heavy-metal contamination in soil using reflectance spectroscopy and partial least-squares regression

Pandit

Filippelli

2010

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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Lead (Pb) poisoning from anthropogenic sources continues to threaten the health of urban children. Mapping Pb distribution on a large scale is imperative to identify hotspots and reduce Pb poisoning. To assess the feasibility of using reflectance spectroscopy to map soil Pb and other heavy metal abundance, the relationship between surface soil metal concentrations and hyperspectral reflectance measurements was examined via partial least-squares regression (PLSR) modelling. Soil samples were taken from four study sites. Metal concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis, and reflectance was measured with an ASD (Analytical Spectral Devices) field spectrometer covering the spectral region of 350-2500 nm. Pb displayed an exponential decrease as a function of distance from the roadway, demonstrating the depositional patterns from leaded gas combustion which remain on the landscape 20 years after the phase-out of leaded gasoline. Calibration samples were used to derive the PLSR algorithm, and validation samples assessed the model's predictive ability. The correlation coefficients between the labdetermined abundance and the abundance predicted from PLSR calibration for all metals except copper were at or above 0.970, with the correlation coefficient for Pb the highest of all metals (0.992). Manganese, zinc and Pb had significant coefficients of determination (0.808, 0.760 and 0.746, respectively) for the validation samples. These results suggest that Pb and other heavy metal concentrations can be retrieved from spectral reflectance at high accuracy. Reflectance spectroscopy thus has potential to map the spatial distribution of Pb abundance with the aim of improving children's health in an urban environment.

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Lead Levels Among Children Who Live in Public Housing

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Blood Lead Levels among Mexican-American Children and Adolescents in the United States

Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Blood Lead Levels among Mexican-American Children and Adolescents in the United States

Urban soil-lead (Pb) footprint: retrospective comparison of public and private properties in New Orleans

Estimation of heavy-metal contamination in soil using reflectance spectroscopy and partial least-squares regression

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