Lead—Natural rubber composites as gamma radiation shields. II: High concentration

Abstract

Natural rubber composites were prepared by the incorporation of different lead concentration, namely: 100, 300, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 phr to be used as gamma radiation shields. A non‐linear dependence of the attenuation coefficient upon the lead concentration was observed for both 60Co and 137Cs as gamma radiation sources. Sample containing the ultimate lead concentration (2000 phr) and thickness 1 mm was found to have 0.336 mm and 0.383 mm lead equivalent for 60Co and 137Cs respectively. Electrical and mechanical properties of the investigated composites were also measured.

Preparation and characterization of a novel ionizing electromagnetic radiation shielding material: Hematite filled polyester based composites

“…Polymers are one of the favorite matrix materials used for IEMR shielding composites because of their light weight. Polymer-bismuth (Plionis et al, 2009), lead-natural rubber (Gwaily and Madani, 2002;Mheemeed et al, 2011) and lead-unsaturated polyester composites are some of studied polymer based composites for radiation shielding.…”

A comparative study between nano-cadmium oxide and lead oxide reinforced in high density polyethylene as gamma rays shielding composites

“…Poly mer com pos ites re in forced by in or ganic metal ox ides were widely stud ied as pro tec tive ra di ation shield ing ma te ri als. In the lit er a ture, many polymers such as poly eth yl ene [5], re cy cled poly eth yl ene [6], ep oxy [7], poly es ter [8], sty rene bu ta diene rub ber [9], eth yl ene-pro pyl ene-dine mono mer (EPDM) [10], polyimide [11], nat u ral rub ber [12] and poly sty rene [13] were in ves ti gated as ra di a tion shield ing ma trixes. Var i ous metal ox ides like PbO [8], PbWO 4 [10], Sm 2 O 3 [11], WO 3 [14], Bi 2 O 3 [15] and Gd 2 O 3 [3], with dif fer ent par ti cle sizes, were used as fill ers in the poly meric ma trix to shield X-rays [16] and g-rays.…”

Preparation and properties of novel, flexible, lead‐free X‐ray‐shielding materials containing tungsten and bismuth(III) oxide

“…Many studies have been carried out on medical radiation shielding because shielding is directly related to the prevention of radiation poisoning in patients and health professionals . Lead rubber has γ‐/X‐ray‐shielding properties and a certain flexibility, so some radiation‐shielding clothing and radiation‐shielding curtains are made of lead rubber . On the other hand, the toxicity of lead as a heavy metal is a major concern, and there are a range of studies related to this in terms of occupational exposure and in vivo absorption .…”