Lead–samarium alloys for positive grids of valve-regulated lead–acid batteries

Chen, H.Y.; Li, S.; Li, A.J.; Shu, Dong; Li, W.S.; Dou, C.L.; Wang, Q.; Xiao, G.M.; Shi, Pengjun; Chen, S.; Zhang, W.; Wang, H.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.11.091

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The high mechanical strength and hardness are due to the presence of a eutectic phase and the alloy undergoing precipitation hardening. PbSm (Chen et al, 2007) Unsuitable as it has a high overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction. PbTe (Guo et al, 2009) Unsuitable due to insignificant reduction in anode potential.…”

Section: Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of alloying elements on the electrochemistry of lead anodes for electrowinning of metals: A review

Clancy

Bettles

Stuart³

et al. 2013

Hydrometallurgy

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Section: Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Should more than 0.1% Sm be added however, the oxide film on the alloy surface is thinner and Sm promotes the conversion of passive PbSO 4 to conductive PbO 2 . A high Sm content inhibits growth of the passivation layer and decreases its electrochemical impedance (Chen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Smmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of alloying elements on the electrochemistry of lead anodes for electrowinning of metals: A review

Clancy

Bettles

Stuart³

et al. 2013

Hydrometallurgy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…But, increasing z E-mail: martha@iith.ac.in Ca content in the lead-grid, lead to the formation of an intermetallic compound like Pb 3 Ca with a decrease in crystal size and breaking of grain boundaries may lead to premature capacity loss. 29,30 Furthermore, the addition of La (0.0112 wt%) into Pb 31 and Sm (0.12 wt%) into Pb-Ca-Sn-Al alloy 32 are reported as good in reducing oxygen evolution reaction and PbSO 4 growth, respectively. Lead-calcium-tin (Pb-Ca-Sn) ternary alloy is the widely used grid material for the maintenance free lead acid batteries owing to its high corrosion resistance and low hydrogen evolution which reduces water loss in lead-acid batteries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pb-Ca-Sn-Al-Sm alloys shown to improve deep cycle test (2 hr rate and 70% DOD) for 427 cycles in VRLA batteries used in electric bicycles. 32 Pb-Ca-Sn alloy is generally modified using Al (0.015-0.05 wt%) to protect calcium from oxidation during the manufacture of the grid and to diminish the burning rate of calcium. In another approach, Martha et al reported polyaniline (PANI) coating for the corrosion protection of lead-coated lightweight plastic grids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Resistant Polypyrrole Coated Lead-Alloy Positive Grids for Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

Naresh¹,

Elias²,

Gaffoor³

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We herein report a method for reducing lead-alloy positive grid corrosion in lead acid batteries by developing a polypyrrole (ppy) coating on to the surface of lead-alloy grids through potentiostatic polymerization technique. The experimental results demonstrate that the presence of ppy coating significantly enhances the corrosion resistance and inhibits the oxygen evolution rate as compare to bare grids. C-rate studies of 2 V/2.6 Ah lead-acid cells show ∼15-20% improvement in capacity at low charge-discharge rates (C/20-C/5) and ∼10% at high C rates (C/2 and 3C) for the cells with ppy coating grids in relation to conventional lead-acid cells.

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“…Also, electrocatalysts (IrO 2 and RuO 2 (ref. [15][16][17]) were deposited on the surface of Pb-(0.7-1.0 wt%) Ag alloys to enhance their surface electrocatalytic activity, which increased the production cost and decreased the service life. Under such circumstances, Pb/Al laminated composite electrode materials have been proposed in recent years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of Pb/Sn/Al laminated composite anode for zinc electrowinning

et al. 2018

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The use of Pb/Sn/Al composite anode materials has been limited due to the thermodynamic immiscibility between Pb and Al sheets during the welding process. Thus, herein, Sn has been added between Pb and Al sheets to fabricate a Pb/Sn/Al laminated composite via vacuum hot-pressing welding (at a temperature of 230C for 12 h under 0.5 MPa). Furthermore, the interfacial microstructure and mechanical and electrical properties are investigated. Good metallurgical bonding has been realized due to the addition of Sn, and block a-Pb and a small amount of b-Sn solid solutions are also formed at the interface. In comparison with the Pb-Ag alloy anode, the Pb/Sn/Al laminated composite presents superior mechanical strength (73.9 MPa), and good electrical conductivity of the Pb/Sn/Al composite has been obtained due to its sandwich laminated structure. Moreover, the Pb/Sn/Al composite reduces the electrode reaction energy and improves the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode to reduce the bath voltage.

show abstract

Lead–samarium alloys for positive grids of valve-regulated lead–acid batteries

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

The influence of alloying elements on the electrochemistry of lead anodes for electrowinning of metals: A review

The influence of alloying elements on the electrochemistry of lead anodes for electrowinning of metals: A review

Corrosion Resistant Polypyrrole Coated Lead-Alloy Positive Grids for Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

Preparation and properties of Pb/Sn/Al laminated composite anode for zinc electrowinning

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