Corrosion Resistant Polypyrrole Coated Lead-Alloy Positive Grids for Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

Abstract

We herein report a method for reducing lead-alloy positive grid corrosion in lead acid batteries by developing a polypyrrole (ppy) coating on to the surface of lead-alloy grids through potentiostatic polymerization technique. The experimental results demonstrate that the presence of ppy coating significantly enhances the corrosion resistance and inhibits the oxygen evolution rate as compare to bare grids. C-rate studies of 2 V/2.6 Ah lead-acid cells show ∼15-20% improvement in capacity at low charge-discharge rates (C/20-C/5) and ∼10% at high C rates (C/2 and 3C) for the cells with ppy coating grids in relation to conventional lead-acid cells.

Phase shuttling-enhanced electrochemical ozone production

“…To date, lead oxides have been found unique in catalyzing the EOP in water oxidation, and β-PbO 2 has been the state-of-the-art catalyst in commercial devices. However, the challenge remains at the unsatisfying stability and activity at high current density 5 .…”

Weak Pb–O of confined [Pb–O4] in pyramidal sillenite-type Bi12PbO20 for enhanced electrochemical ozone production

“…9,10 However, its high toxicity and the susceptibility of Pb to dissolve during the electrolytic process degrade the performance of EOP systems. 11,12 In addition, EOP in b-PbO 2 is based on the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM), 13 and the kinetics of ozone generation depends on the degree of difficulty of lattice oxygen participation. Therefore, appropriate strategies for restraining Pb loss and reducing oxygen vacancy formation energy for the desorption and coupling of lattice oxygen into ozone enhance durability and increase the efficiency of an electrocatalyst.…”

Tailoring the d‐Band Centers of Perovskite Oxides for Electrochemical Ozone Production

“…Currently, many solid electrodes are applied at the anode, but only β ‐PbO 2 [10] and Pt [8,11] electrodes are commercially used because their unusual electronic structure can enhance the ozone evolution and retard the oxygen evolution reaction [12] . Nevertheless, the β ‐PbO 2 is not environmentally safe, and Pt‐based materials are limited by scarcity and low durability [13,14] . Thus, considering the growing demand of electrochemical ozone production equipment, efficient alternative anodic electrocatalysts should be rationally designed and screened.…”

“…[12] Nevertheless, the β-PbO 2 is not environmentally safe, and Pt-based materials are limited by scarcity and low durability. [13,14] Thus, considering the growing demand of electrochemical ozone production equipment, efficient alternative anodic electrocatalysts should be rationally designed and screened.…”