“…In the recent past, nanoparticles (NPs), especially quantum dots (QDs), have become attractive research targets in chemistry, biology, and material science research owing to their fascinating properties such as size-tunable photoluminescence, longer lifetime, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. − Additionally, QDs are being extensively used in various biological applications − due to the development of optically bright, chemically stable, less-toxic, and highly photostable QDs. , The ability of QDs to bind with various biomolecules has made them quite interesting for various biological applications like biomarkers for fluorescence imaging, catalysis, nanomedicines, nanobiosensors, and NP-based molecular electronic circuits and bioinformatics. − These NP–protein bioconjugate systems also help in determining different biological responses like cellular uptake, circulation time, fibrillation, bioavailability, and even toxicity. ,− However, despite the availability of various methodologies to design and develop NPs/QDs with suitable functionalization, understanding the behavior of NPs, in particular QDs, in complex biological fluid still remains hazy.…”