Leader power bases and perceived leader effectiveness: conservation of gender stereotypes

Dirik, Deniz

doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01169-2

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Although men are often stereotyped as uncaring (e.g., Eagly & Karau, 2002), perhaps male leaders who violate traditional gender roles do not face significant backlash in the way that women tend to for violating gender norms (Lytle et al., 2018). Indeed, research has shown that male leaders are well‐liked for deviating gender expectations such as exercising soft power (Dirik, 2020). On the other hand, there is evidence that men are evaluated poorly (i.e., perceived as incompetent, afforded less respect) when applying for and working in gender‐atypical jobs (Bosak et al., 2018; Heilman & Wallen, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endorsement of stereotypes of older adults, older men, and male leaders predict expected job performance, voting stance, and voting intentions in the 2020 U.S. presidential election

Monahan

Lytle

Inman

et al. 2021

Anal Soc Iss & Public Policy

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The 2020 U.S. Presidential Election offered a unique opportunity to examine how stereotypes of older adults, older men, and male leaders impact expectations of candidate job performance and intentions to vote for Biden or Trump. This online study involved 500 college students from two universities from September 30th until November 3 (Election Day). A Biden model and a Trump model were tested for the relationships among (a) stereotypes from public discourse with (b) expectations of candidates/ presidential performance with (c) voting stance (pro-and anti-Biden vs. pro-and anti-Trump) and (d) intentions to vote for Biden/Trump. As expected, for the Biden model, endorsement of older adult (lesser endorsement of senile, unhealthy), male leadership (greater endorsement of assertive and collaborative, lesser endorsement of uncaring), and older male stereotypes (greater endorsement of elder statesman and family-focused) predicted greater expectations of Biden's performance, which predicted pro-Biden and anti-Trump stances and ultimately voting intentions for Biden. As expected, for the Trump

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endorsement of stereotypes of older adults, older men, and male leaders predict expected job performance, voting stance, and voting intentions in the 2020 U.S. presidential election

Monahan

Lytle

Inman

et al. 2021

Anal Soc Iss & Public Policy

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“…In particular, we argue that the abusive supervision conducted by female and male leaders imposes more different influences on male subordinates than on female subordinates. Earlier work in this area of gender suggests that male subordinates may react particularly negatively to abuse from a female supervisor (Dirik, 2021). Men often hold stronger traditional stereotypes than women and are sensitive to the violation of gender stereotypes (Wang et al, 2022) because most stereotypes usually benefit men.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Who wreaks more havoc? Gender and the detrimental effect of abusive supervision on interpersonal deviance

Wang,

Zhang

2024

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Purpose Abusive supervision provokes subordinates’ interpersonal deviant behavior. It is, therefore, essential to explore the contingent factors of this relationship. Drawing upon gender role theory, this study aims to explore how subordinate and leader genders moderate the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinate interpersonal deviance. Furthermore, this study posits a three-way interaction effect of abusive supervision with leader and subordinate genders on interpersonal deviance. Design/methodology/approach Multisource survey data were collected from 45 supervisors and 170 subordinates in eight companies in China. The data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Findings The results showed that the positive relationship between abusive supervision and interpersonal deviance was stronger among female leaders than male leaders. Furthermore, the authors found a three-way interaction effect between abusive supervision and leader and subordinate genders on subordinates’ interpersonal deviance. Compared with female subordinates, male subordinates engaged in significantly more interpersonal deviance when experiencing abusive supervision from a female leader than from a male leader. Originality/value The authors reveal that gender differences exist in the effect of abusive supervision on subordinates’ interpersonal deviant behavior. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that subordinate and leader genders jointly influence the effect of abusive supervision. Finally, the findings extend the literature on gender’s moderating effects from constructive and neutral leader behaviors to destructive leader behaviors.

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“…For one, research finds that as leaders, women may be perceived to be less effective than men (Dirik, 2021; Eagly et al, 1992; Paustian-Underdahl et al, 2014). These studies have confirmed the existence of a gender bias with respect to leadership perceptions; however, in general, these studies have not concentrated on ways in which females can overcome this gender bias in perceptions of leadership effectiveness.…”

Section: The Link Between Tech-savviness and Gender Role Congruitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present paper, we use the above assumption to explore whether this change in perception of what competencies are required to be perceived as a leader in an increasingly digital organizational environment, could specifically create an opportunity for women to be better positioned to be perceived as effective leaders, thereby reducing the gender gap. This is an important problem to address because it is well established that a gender bias exists when it comes to who is seen as a leader (Badura et al, 2018; Dirik, 2021; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

How Can Women Take Advantage of the High-Tech Era to be Perceived as Effective Leaders? Being Tech-Savvy Helps

Nagpal,

Cao,

Mai

et al. 2023

Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies

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Given the increasing use of intelligent technologies and the resulting requirement for leaders to be tech-savvy, an important question that emerges is whether perceptions of leadership effectiveness are changing too? Drawing from gender role theory and expectation violation theory, we propose and test a model of whether and how females can benefit from being tech-savvy. To explore whether women may stand to gain from the changing nature of the workforce or not, we ran a series of studies. Our data sources included a cross-sectional time-lagged field study and experimental studies with students and online adults. We found that a definitive skill of the current technological era, tech-savviness, changes perceptions and evaluations of female leaders in a much more positive way than it does for male leaders, as such allowing female leaders to be more likely to be perceived as effective leaders. The reason for the effect that tech-savvy women were more likely to be perceived as effective leaders was driven by the fact that tech-savvy women are seen as more competent and hence, attributed more social status. Our research goes beyond merely focusing on the negative effects of gender stereotypes by providing an actionable solution—that comes from promoting tech knowledge and savviness—for women to counter gender stereotypes that undermine them from being viewed as effective leaders.

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Leader power bases and perceived leader effectiveness: conservation of gender stereotypes

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Endorsement of stereotypes of older adults, older men, and male leaders predict expected job performance, voting stance, and voting intentions in the 2020 U.S. presidential election

Endorsement of stereotypes of older adults, older men, and male leaders predict expected job performance, voting stance, and voting intentions in the 2020 U.S. presidential election

Who wreaks more havoc? Gender and the detrimental effect of abusive supervision on interpersonal deviance

How Can Women Take Advantage of the High-Tech Era to be Perceived as Effective Leaders? Being Tech-Savvy Helps

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