Leaf Area Partitioning as an Important Factor in Growth

Potter, John R.; Jones, James W.

doi:10.1104/pp.59.1.10

Cited by 184 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…3). The data for S. vlulgaris is consistent with data obtained with many other species in finding that ULR, which is primarily determined by unit area photosynthetic rate, is poorly correlated with biomass production (21).…”

Section: Growth Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Furthermore, our data indicate that leaf size and cumulative LAD have a greater impact on biomass accumulation than does photosynthetic rate. Other studies have also concluded that the combination of photosynthetic rates and development of leaf area are major determinants of growth and competitive ability (21). These results suggest that the yield of triazine resistant crops may be improved by increasing leaf area and cumulative LAD to partially compensate for the reduced productivity of triazineresistant chloroplasts.…”

Section: Growth Analysismentioning

confidence: 58%

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Triazine Resistance in Senecio vulgaris Parental and Nearly Isonuclear Backcrossed Biotypes Is Correlated with Reduced Productivity

McCloskey

Holt

1990

Plant Physiol.

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Isonuclear triazine-susceptible and triazine-resistant Senecio vulgaris L. biotypes were developed by making reciprocal crosses between susceptible and resistant biotypes to obtain F1 hybrids and backcrossing the hybrids to the appropriate pollen parent. The electrophoretic isozyme patterns of the enzyme aconitase obtained from leaf extracts of triazine-susceptible parental (S) and backcrossed (SXRBC6) biotypes, and triazine-resistant parental (R) and backcrossed (RXSBC6) biotypes verified that the biotypes had the expected nuclear genomes. Atrazine inhibition of chloroplast whole chain electron transport from water to methyl viologen was measured to verify susceptibility or resistance to triazine herbicides. The photosynthetic rate and biomass accumulation of greenhouse grown susceptible and resistant S. vulgaris biotypes were measured 28, 35, 42, 50, 57, and (17). PSII efficiency in the use of separated charge for oxygen evolution and electron transport is lower in resistant biotypes (12, 17) which explains the lower quantum yields characteristic of triazine resistant biotypes (5,13,15,17,19).As expected from the reduced photosynthetic potential of triazine resistant biotypes, several studies have shown that in the absence of triazine herbicides, resistant biotypes produce less biomass than susceptible biotypes. In Amaranthus spp., B. napus, Chenopodium album, and Senecio vulgaris, resistant biotypes accumulated less biomass and produced less seed than susceptible biotypes in competitive and noncompetitive conditons (7,8,11,29). In contrast, Warwick and Black (29) reported that resistant and susceptible biotypes of C. strictum produced similar amounts of biomass in competitive and noncompetitive conditions. Similarly, Schonfeld et al. (24) found that a triazine-resistant biotype of Phalaris paradoxa was similar or superior to a susceptible biotype in photosynthetic rate and growth in noncompetitive conditions, even though the resistant biotype had a lower quantum yield than the susceptible biotype. Jansen et al. (16)

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Section: Growth Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Growth Analysismentioning

confidence: 58%

Triazine Resistance in Senecio vulgaris Parental and Nearly Isonuclear Backcrossed Biotypes Is Correlated with Reduced Productivity

McCloskey

Holt

1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…Similarly, an organ weight partitioning coefficient is the ratio of the absolute growth rate of the organ in question (for example, leaves) divided by the absolute whole plant growth rate at any given time during the harvest period. The NAR and partitioning coefficients were calculated at the midpoint ofthe harvest period, because the confidence in the value of the coefficients is greatest at this point (21 Leaf weight per unit area was independent of Na in A. retroflexus (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, the higher PNUE of C4 species may allow them to allocate a greater fraction of available N to new leaf, root, or stem production. Increasing N availability increases the leafexpansion rate (8,14,26,27), which is well correlated with growth rate (21). Moreover, reductions in yield following N deficiency are often due more to reduced leaf expansion rates than to a decline in photosynthesis rate per unit area (8,10,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Nitrogen Use Efficiency of C₃ and C₄ Plants

Sage¹,

Pearcy²

1987

Plant Physiol.

188

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ABSTRACIThe effect of applied nitrogen (N) on the growth, laf expansion rate, biomass padtioning and laf N levels of Cheaopodium album (C3) and Amaranthus rtroftexus (C4) were investigted. At a given applied N leveL C. album had 50% greater leaf N per unit area (N.) than A. retrojkxw. Nitrate accumulated at lower N. in A. retrojiexus thn C. album. A. rctroJiexus was more productive than C. album at high N, but C. album was more productive at low N. At high appled N, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) expressed either as net assimilation rate (NAR) per unit N or relative growth rate per unit N, was greater in A. retroflexus than C. album. However, at low applied N, C. album had a greater NUE on both an NAR and growth basis than A. retroflexus. The leaf area partitioning coefficient was similar in the species at high N, but was greater in A. retrofjexus than C. album at low N. At low N, greater leaf area partitioning apparently lowered leaf N in A. retroflexus to levels at which necrosis occurred. In C. album by contrast, leaf area partitioning declined to a greater degree with declining N than it did in A. retroflxus, so that leaf N did not decline as much. Consequently, low N C. album plants did not lose leaf area to necrosis and had a greater NAR and NUE at low applied N than A. retrojfxus.Photosynthetic rate per unit leaf nitrogen, which has been termed photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE2), has been shown to be greater in C4 plants than C3 plants (3, 4, 18, 24, 26, 28). However, the effect of PNUE on the growth and reproductive yield of C4 relative to C3 plants is unclear. Under limiting N, a $reater PNUE may enable C4 plants to have greater photosynthetic rates than C3 species. Alternatively, the higher PNUE of C4 species may allow them to allocate a greater fraction of available N to new leaf, root, or stem production. Increasing N availability increases the leafexpansion rate (8,14,26,27), which is well correlated with growth rate (21). Moreover, reductions in yield following N deficiency are often due more to reduced leaf expansion rates than to a decline in photosynthesis rate per unit area (8,10,27 To assess the importance of PNUE differences between C3 and C4 species, we have examined the effect of applied N on the growth, leaf expansion rate and allocation of N to leaves in the ecologically similar C3 dicot, Chenopodium album, and C4 dicot Amaranthus retroflexus. Both are important agricultural weeds with similar growth forms, periods of activity, and microsite requirements. In addition, both have high photosynthetic capacities when grown at high N (20). Photosynthetic characteristics as a function of leaf N were also determined and are described in an accompanying report (23). MATERIALS AND METHODSLeaf Nitrogen Content. C. album and A. retroflexus plants were grown in a growth chamber at a PFD of 600 ,mol m-2 s-', 27/230C day/night temperatures and a 16 h photopenod. Plants were grown in equal volume mixtures of sand, perlite, and vermiculite. Treatments consisted of daily applications of either...

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“…(12) where ΔL gx max is the maximum rate of change in expanding leaf area for a given change in x g (cm 2 plant −1 unit x g -1 ), x g is the cumulative f (T ) since emergence, where f (T ) is a temperature response function related to phenology based on observed data (Equation (11)) with minimum (T min ), optimum (T opt ), and maximum (T max ) temperatures of 0, 33, and 50 °C, respectively. The temperature response function (Equation (11)) for leaf expansion (f (T g ), Figure 1) takes the same form as for phenology but with different T min , T opt , and T max , 4, 26, and 40 °C, respectively (Potter and Jones, 1977;Tardieu et al, 2005;Wright et al, 1999). The water deficit response function for leaf expansion ( f (TR a /TR p ) is given by Equation (12).…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%