Leaf Interveinal Distances Corresponding to Anatomical Types in Grasses

Kawamitsu, Yoshinobu; Hakoyama, Susumu; Agata, Waichi; Takeda, Tomoshiro

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076945

Cited by 26 publications

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“…If interveinal distances are short, there is more mixing, and the vein water enrichment should be greater for every leaf segment. Interveinal distances are known to be significantly shorter in C 4 grasses than in C 3 grasses (12,13). Consistent with this pattern, we observed that ␦…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…We investigated possible 18 O differences in leaf water enrichment with a variety of C 3 and C 4 grasses, because grasses with different photosynthetic pathway are known to have different interveinal differences (12,13). Our hypotheses were (i) leaf water 18 O enrichment of grasses should be greater than observed in dicots and (ii) leaf water 18 O enrichment of C 4 grasses (narrower interveinal distances) should be greater than leaf water 18 O enrichment of C 3 grasses (wider interveinal distances).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Establishing a grassland signature in veins:¹⁸O in the leaf water of C₃and C₄grasses

Helliker

Ehleringer

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

203

248

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We show that 18 O evaporative enrichment of bulk leaf water in grass species can be significantly more enriched than predicted by the Craig-Gordon model, with C 4 grasses considerably more enriched than C3 grasses. Our results suggest that the unanticipated 18 O in surface waters (such as lakes) was described by Craig and Gordon (1) more than three decades ago and was later applied to leaves, which also undergo an isotopic enrichment during transpiration (2-5). Application of the Craig-Gordon model to leaves from trees and herbs has been shown experimentally to be robust over a wide range of environmental conditions (4, 6-7). Capitalizing on this established relationship, Farquhar and colleagues (8) showed that the equilibration of 18 O between CO 2 and leaf water could be used to partition the gross fluxes of CO 2 from vegetation on a global basis.Previous studies showed that there were no differences in bulk leaf water 18 O enrichment of Dicotyledonous plants possessing either the C 3 or C 4 photosynthetic pathways and that leaf water behaved similarly to predictions of the Craig-Gordon model (4,6 O retrodiffusing from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere (8-11). However, the Craig-Gordon model of evaporative leafwater enrichment has remained untested on grasses and other Monocotyledonous species. A fundamental difference between monocots and dicots that hinted that ␦ 18O wl might be different is the veinal structure of leaves, with monocot leaves having parallel veins whereas dicot leaves primarily have a reticulate veinal structure. We hypothesized that grass leaves will exhibit a leaf-water 18 O evaporative enrichment pattern that is not consistent with the commonly used single-water-source version of the Craig-Gordon model, because the nature of water movement along parallel veins in a grass leaf is more analogous to movement of water through a sequence of pools in series.We investigated possible 18 O differences in leaf water enrichment with a variety of C 3 and C 4 grasses, because grasses with different photosynthetic pathway are known to have different interveinal differences (12, 13). Our hypotheses were (i) leaf water 18 O enrichment of grasses should be greater than observed in dicots and (ii) leaf water 18 O enrichment of C 4 grasses (narrower interveinal distances) should be greater than leaf water 18

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confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a grassland signature in veins:¹⁸O in the leaf water of C₃and C₄grasses

Helliker

Ehleringer

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

203

248

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“…Similar to these results, no consistent differences were found in other comparisons of C 3 and C 4 species in the ability to reduce leaf thickness in response to shading (Sage and McKown 2006). Shorter intervenial distances we observed here for C 4 grasses than for C 3 grasses, and for C 4 NADP-ME species than for the C 4 NAD-ME C. dactylon are consistent with previous results (Dengler et al 1994, Kawamitsu et al 1985, Ogle 2003.…”

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confidence: 92%

Leaf morphology and anatomy in two contrasting environments for C₃and C₄grasses of different invasion potential

Han

Mojzes

Kalapos

2008

Acta Botanica Hungarica

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Leaf morphology, coarse structure and anatomy were compared for two invasive C 4 , two non-invasive C 4 , and two expanding native C 3 grass species grown in their original, high-light semiarid temperate habitat, and in a growth room under variable moderate light and favourable supply of water and nutrients. It was hypothesised that (H 1 ) among C 4 grasses leaf structural response will be greater for invasive than for non-invasive species, and (H 2 ) for plants of high spreading capacity C 4 species will be less responsive than C 3 species. Leaf mass per area was lower in the growth room than in the field by 43.4-54% and 5.7-21.2% for grasses of high spreading capacity and for non-invasive C 4 species, respectively. Little or no response was observed in the proportion of epidermis and mesophyll, but the proportional area of veins plus sclerenchyma was greater in the field than in the growth room for the invasive C 4 Sorghum halepense, and the spreading C 3 Bromus inermis and Calamagrostis epigeios, while it did not differ for the two non-invasive C 4 grasses and the invasive C 4 Cynodon dactylon. Leaf intervenial distance was invariant for C 4 grasses (except for the non-invasive Chrysopogon gryllus) and the C 3 C. epigeios, but changed by 25.1% for the C 3 B. inermis. These results suggest that among C 4 grasses invasive species exceed non-invasive ones in the plasticity of leaf coarse structure, but not that of leaf morphology and anatomy. However, leaf structure was not less plastic in invasive C 4 than in expanding C 3 grasses except for intervenial distance.

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“…C 4 grasses are virtually absent from shaded habitats, and the biochemical model is employed to examine the implications of IVD for shade-tolerance in C 4 grasses. The model predicts that only those species with uncommonly small IVD values are able to tolerate prolonged shade.Keywords C 4 photosynthesis · Carbon isotope · CO 2 leakiness · Grasses · Shade tolerance IVD measurements on fully expanded leaves were obtained from Crookston and Moss (1974), Morgan andBrown (1979), andKawamitsu et al (1985). Thirty of the same species were examined K. Ogle ( ) )…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Keywords C 4 photosynthesis · Carbon isotope · CO 2 leakiness · Grasses · Shade tolerance IVD measurements on fully expanded leaves were obtained from Crookston and Moss (1974), Morgan andBrown (1979), andKawamitsu et al (1985). Thirty of the same species were examined K. Ogle ( ) )…”

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Implications of interveinal distance for quantum yield in C 4 grasses: a modeling and meta-analysis

Ogle

2003

Oecologia

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The distance between veins has the potential to affect photosynthesis in C(4) grasses because photon capture and photosynthetic carbon reduction are primarily restricted to vascular bundle sheath cells (BSC). For example, BSC density should increase as interveinal distance (IVD) decreases, and thus IVD may influence photon capture and photosynthesis in C(4) grasses. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential importance of IVD to the function of C(4) grasses, and a literature survey is conducted to test the hypothesis that quantum yield of photosynthesis (Phi) increases with decreasing IVD. First, a meta-analysis of Phi and IVD values obtained for 12 C(4) grass species supports this hypothesis as Phi and IVD are significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.61). Second, a regression of carbon isotope discrimination (delta) versus IVD was conducted and the regression equation was used in a simple biochemical model that relates Phi to Delta and leakage of CO(2) from the BSC. The modeling analysis also supports the hypothesis that Phi decreases with increasing IVD in C(4) grasses. C(4) grasses are virtually absent from shaded habitats, and the biochemical model is employed to examine the implications of IVD for shade-tolerance in C(4) grasses. The model predicts that only those species with uncommonly small IVD values are able to tolerate prolonged shade.

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Leaf Interveinal Distances Corresponding to Anatomical Types in Grasses

Cited by 26 publications

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Establishing a grassland signature in veins:¹⁸O in the leaf water of C₃and C₄grasses

Establishing a grassland signature in veins:¹⁸O in the leaf water of C₃and C₄grasses

Leaf morphology and anatomy in two contrasting environments for C₃and C₄grasses of different invasion potential

Implications of interveinal distance for quantum yield in C 4 grasses: a modeling and meta-analysis

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Leaf Interveinal Distances Corresponding to Anatomical Types in Grasses

Cited by 26 publications

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Establishing a grassland signature in veins:18O in the leaf water of C3and C4grasses

Establishing a grassland signature in veins:18O in the leaf water of C3and C4grasses

Leaf morphology and anatomy in two contrasting environments for C3and C4grasses of different invasion potential

Implications of interveinal distance for quantum yield in C 4 grasses: a modeling and meta-analysis

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Establishing a grassland signature in veins:¹⁸O in the leaf water of C₃and C₄grasses

Establishing a grassland signature in veins:¹⁸O in the leaf water of C₃and C₄grasses

Leaf morphology and anatomy in two contrasting environments for C₃and C₄grasses of different invasion potential