Leaf structure as related to absorption of pesticides and other compounds

Hull, Herbert M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-39818-0_1

Cited by 96 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 321 publications

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“…Prolonged periods of soil moisture stress have been found to induce the development of thicker cuticle on several plant species (2). According to Hull (7), moisture stress reduced the translocation of foliar-applied herbicides. However, its influence on herbicide absorption is unclear.…”

Section: Bearded Sprangletop Control and Turfgrass Injury As Influencmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bearded Sprangletop Control in Turfgrass Sod Production

Grichar

2011

Applied Turfgrass Science

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Bearded sprangletop [Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray] is a problem in turfgrass sod production because it is hard to control with commonly used turfgrass herbicides and can easily contaminate a sod production field, making the turf undesirable for sale to homeowners for use in lawn establishment. Studies were conducted from 2004 to 2007 along the upper Texas Gulf Coast turfgrass sod production areas to determine the most effective postemergence herbicides for control of bearded sprangletop. In one 2‐year study, bearded sprangletop control with fenoxaprop applied once and MSMA at 3.3 kg/ha applied twice, 7 to 10 days apart, varied from 17 to 77 % and 43 to 78%, respectively. Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) turf injury was greatest with ethofumesate (12 to 50%). Fenoxaprop, MSMA plus trifloxysulfuron, and two applications of MSMA injured zoysiagrass at least 15% in one year but caused 4% or less injury in another year. In another two‐year study, nicosulfuron alone at 0.07 kg/ha controlled bearded sprangletop at least 97% while fenoxaprop alone controlled bearded sprangletop 98% in one year but did not control sprangletop the following year. A combination of nicosulfuron plus fenoxaprop plus MSMA controlled bearded sprangletop at least 96% in one year but controlled only 67% the next. Zoysiagrass (Bouteloua dactyloides Nutt.) injury was greatest with ethofumesate (50%) while fenoxaprop injury was 22%. All other herbicides caused 7% or less zoysiagrass injury. Buffalograss injury was greater than 60% with ethofumesate and nicosulfuron plus fenoxaprop plus MSMA while injury was 20% with MSMA and nicosulfuron. In conclusion, nicosulfuron alone at 0.07 kg/ha provided the most consistent control of bearded sprangletop in turfgrass sod production and caused no injury to zoysiagrass and 20% injury to buffalograss.

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Section: Bearded Sprangletop Control and Turfgrass Injury As Influencmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bearded Sprangletop Control in Turfgrass Sod Production

Grichar

2011

Applied Turfgrass Science

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“…1 One of the main problems encountered with foliar sprays is that of reducing the burn damage, which can result from spray treatment. Such burn damage can lead to leaf drop and in the case of fruits can considerably reduce their market value because of their poor appearance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reduction by surfactants of leaf burn resulting from foliar sprays and a salt‐induced inhibition of the effect

Neumann

Prinz

1975

J Sci Food Agric

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Foliar sprays of ferrous sulphate containing the organosilicone surfactant L77 formed films on bean leaf surfaces and caused only marginal burn damage. Sprays containing carbohydrate-based surfactant formed drops on the leaf surfaces and caused severe burn damage. It was found that ferric citrate and some other chemicals inhibited the spreading ability of the organosilicone surfactant, possibly through the formation of complexes.

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“…3a). These include areas over the veins, the base of hairs, and the guard and subsidiary cells of stomata [4,5,10,14,15]. This may reflect the fact that the cuticle is often thinner, or at least more permeable, in these regions.…”

Section: Uptake and Transport Foliar Uptakementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The chemistry and structure of plant cuticles are very complex and differ greatly between species [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The principal constituents are cutin and waxes, the former being comprised mainly of a complex polymer of carboxylic and hydroxycarboxylic acids and the latter of long chain primary and secondary alcohols, fatty acids, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones and esters.…”

Section: Uptake and Transport Foliar Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major impediment to free movement of substances into leaves is the superficial waxy cuticle which is continuous over the entire outer surface of the epidermal layers. The cuticle is hydrophobic and functions primarily to protect the plant from excessive water vapor loss as well as to repell water, resist attack from insects and pathogens, and protect the leaffrom physical injury [4,5].…”

Section: Uptake and Transport Foliar Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

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