Leaf Surface of Beta vulgaris-Electron Microscope Study

Bystrom, Barbara G.; Glater, Ruth Bobrov; Scott, Flora Murray; Bowler, Edwin

doi:10.1086/336425

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Sauter and Pambor (1989) observed increased degradation of epicuticular wax in spruce and fir (Abies alba) due to deposition of road dust. Changes in leaf wettability, rate of transpiration, and loss of solutes from leaf cells are some of the effects that result from disruption of the epicuticular/epistomatal wax layer (Bystrom et al 1968). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf surface structure alterations due to particulate pollution in some common plants

et al. 2009

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The plant foliar surface is the most important receptor of atmospheric pollutants. It undergoes several structural and functional changes when particulate-laden air strikes it. In the present investigation, ten annual plant species viz., Abelmoschus esculentus, Celosia cristata, Coleus blumei, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, Gomphrena globosa, Impatiens balsamina, Ocimum sanctum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum melongena, and Zinnia elegans were studied for their growth parameters and leaf morphological features. They were subjected to dust experimentally for 60 days. The micro-morphological traits like wax, cuticle, epidermis, stomata, and trichomes were observed under light and scanning electron microscopes. Remarkable differences in the growth parameters and micro-morphological features were recorded in the dust-treated plants when compared to the respective controls. The reduction in growth parameters, the size of epidermal cells, and stomata were reduced and cuticle damage was also observed. The relative proportion of fine particles, which play a major role in hampering the overall growth of a plant, was higher in comparison to ultra-fine and coarse particles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf surface structure alterations due to particulate pollution in some common plants

et al. 2009

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“…Penetration of aqueous materials through plant cuticles has been studied extensively, and the role of surface wax in increasing cuticular resistance has been well documented (Skoss 1955;Hull 1970;Baker and Buko- on cuticle morphology have been reported (Bystrom et al 1968;Sharma and Tyree 1973;Wagoner 1975;Percy and Riding 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of surface wax in susceptibility of plants to air pollutant injury

1982

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The relationship between quantity of epicuticular wax and plant sensitivity to hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas was investigated using 8-, 12-, and 16-day-old Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants exposed for 20 min to 27.6 2 3.9 mg ~~l . m -~.Twelve-day-old plants were more sensitive than 8-or 16-day-old plants and possessed the lowest mean surface wax quantity. Multiple regression analysis showed that surface wax quantity was negatively linearly related to percent of leaves glazed. Necrotic injury was also negatively correlated with surface wax quantity, but to a lesser degree than glazing. Chamber temperature also affected the amount of necrotic injury incurred. Plant age and HC1 concentration did not contribute to the observed variation in any of the injury variables in the regression analysis.The results of this study support the hypothesis that cuticular resistance, which is influenced by the amount of epicuticular wax, is a major factor influencing leaf glazing due to gaseous HC1. Since necrotic injury was affected by both surface wax quantity and chamber temperature, the incidence and severity of necrotic injury may be controlled by both cuticular and stomata1 resistances. IntroductionThe type and severity of injury incurred when plants are exposed to gaseous air pollutants is influenced by many factors which may be considered under the categories of pollutant, plant, and environment. The interactions of these factors determine the ultimate amount of plant injury produced. As a result of such interactions, it may be difficult to ascertain the effect of any single factor unless the effects of all other factors, known or unknown, are controlled. This is accomplished experimentally by keeping all extraneous variables constant when possible and by partitioning the effects of variables that have fluctuated.Previous reports (Endress et al. 1978(Endress et al. , 1979a indicated that at least some of the injury on Phaseolus vulgaris leaves exposed to gaseous hydrogen chloride (HC1) resulted from diffusion of acid through the cuticle. This suggested that plant injury would exhibit some dependence on cuticular resistance. In preliminary experiments, the quantity of leaf surface waxes on bean plants of equal age was observed to vary significantly over a period of weeks. Presumably, fluctuations in light intensity, relative humidity, and temperature over time in the greenhouse accounted for the observed variation in surface wax development (Skoss 1955;Whitecross and Armstrong 1972;Baker 1974). We have also observed that the relative sensitivity of equally aged plants to gaseous HC1 varies over time (unpublished observations). In addition, the sensitivity of unifoliate bean leaves to gaseous HC1 varies with leaf age (Endress et al. 1979).

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“…However, variation in cuticular thickness as a consequence of leaf developmental differences may be important. Bystrom et al (1968) report a discontinuous cuticular covering in young leaves of Beta vulgaris L. and suggest that this may account for the increased sensitivity of younger leaves to smog. The presence of cuticular breaks and punctures in leaves of Pyrus cornmunis L. has prompted the suggestion that natural perforations in the cuticle may facilitate pollutant penetration (Chamel and Garrec, 1977).…”

Section: Components Of Leaf Resistancementioning

confidence: 92%

Plant and Leaf Resistance to Gaseous Air Pollution Stress

Taylor

1978

New Phytologist

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SUMMARY Levitt's (1972) revision of stress phenomena in plants provides a scheme for analysing the response of vegetation to gaseous air pollution. Total plant resistance is a consequence of two general mechanisms, (i) pollution stress avoidance and (ii) stress tolerance. Stress tolerance is subdivided further into strain avoidance and strain tolerance. Many of the environmental, physiological and morphological factors known to influence the susceptibility of plants to air pollution are discussed using this format. The value of this approach is the systematic framework it provides for analysing, relating and interpreting the factors affecting variable leaf and plant resistance to gaseous air pollution stress.

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Leaf Surface of Beta vulgaris-Electron Microscope Study

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

Leaf surface structure alterations due to particulate pollution in some common plants

Leaf surface structure alterations due to particulate pollution in some common plants

The role of surface wax in susceptibility of plants to air pollutant injury

Plant and Leaf Resistance to Gaseous Air Pollution Stress

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