Leaf volatile oils from four BrazilianXylopia species

Abstract

The leaf oils of Xylopia aromatica, X. cayennensis, X. emarginata and X. nitida were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-MS. The main compounds found in the oil of X. aromatica were bicyclogermacrene (36.5%), spathulenol (20.5%) and limonene (4.6%). The oil from X. cayennensis was dominated by α α α α α-pinene (29.2%), β β β β β-pinene (16.5%), caryophyllene oxide (14.5%), bicyclogermacrene (14.5%), germacrene D (4.7%) and 1,8-cineole (4.5%). The major constituent identified in the oil of X. emarginata was spathulenol (73.0%). The main components found in the oil of X. nitida were γ γ γ γ γ -terpinene (44.1%), p-cymene (13.7%), α α α α α-terpinene (12.6%) and limonene (11.3%). Early papers indicated that spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide are also important volatile compounds found in the leaf oils of Xylopia, Duguetia and Guatteria species. At first sight they could be considered as chemotaxonomic markers to these Annonaceae genera.

Variação química no óleo essencial das folhas de seis indivíduos de Duguetia furfuracea (Annonaceae)

“…No presente trabalho, apesar da grande variabilidade química observada entre os dois grupos, ou seja, a presença principalmnente de monoterpenos, seguida de sequiterpenos, no perfi l A e, praticamente, uma ausência de monoterpenos no perfi l B, juntamente com o número reduzido de indivíduos avaliados (três), bem como a realização de uma só análise para cada individuo, não nos fornece dados estatisticamente sufi cientes para que se possa discutir a existência de quimiotipos na espécie (Grayer et al, 1996;Rohloff et (Maia et al, 2006, Maia et al, 2005, Lago et al, 2003Fechine et al, 2002). Tem-se sugerido a predominância de constituintes oxigenados nos óleos essenciais de espécies de Annonaceae coletadas na região amazônica, quando comparada com as do cerrado (Lago et al, 2003).…”

Composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of a full grown tree of Pinus cembra L. from the Calimani mountains (Romania)

“…The volatile constituents were identified by comparison of their mass spectral data with those in the Wiley 275 mass spectra library stored in the GC-MS database and with those of pure standards. The identity of the constituents was confirmed by comparison of calculated retention indices with those reported in the literature [12][13][14][15][16] and with those of pure standards. The relative percentages of the essential oils constituents were obtained from the FID peak areas without the use of correction factors.…”

Ent-kaurane diterpenoids and other constituents from the stem of Xylopia laevigata (Annonaceae)

“…Once hexane crude extract was found to have trypanocidal activity (IC 50 = 866.0 ± 12.7 mg mL -1 ), antimicrobial action (Table 1), and larvicidal properties against Aedes aegypti larvae (LC 50 = 439.86 mg mL -1 ), this extract was subjected to successive chromatographic techniques as described in the Experimental section leading to the isolation of nine chemical constituents: one sesquiterpene (1), a mixture of three steroids (2)(3)(4), and five ent-kaurane diterpenes (5-9) ( Figure 1). All isolated compounds are described for the first time in this species.…”

“…1 Some species of this genus, such as Xylopia aethiopica, X. sericea and X. aromatica are used as condiments, as well as for medicinal purposes. 2 Previous phytochemical investigations on some species of this genus have indicated the presence of terpenoids, 3 alkaloids, 4 and flavonoids, 4 exhibiting several pharmacological activities such as antifungal, 3 antioxidant, 2,4 antileishmanial, 5 cytotoxic, 6 antinociceptive, 7 acaricidal, 8 and insecticidal properties. 9 Xylopia laevigata (Mart.)…”