Leafhoppers and Aphids as Biological Vectors: Vector-Virus Relationships

Harris, Kerry F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-470280-6.50010-6

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 318 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…MCDV is restricted to the phloem of infected plants (Harris & Childress, 1983), and virions retained in the foregut would be bathed by fluids ingested from the phloem. Overall, the characteristics of semi-persistent, non-circulative virus transmission seem compatible with an internal vector retention site (Harris, 1977). The vector's loss of the ability to inoculate through moulting (non-transstadial) is a characteristic of non-circulative transmission; shedding of the intima during moulting would result in loss of MCDV and, hence, its transmission.…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The present study represents the first evidence of a suspected retention site for semipersistent, non-circulative viruses in their leaf hopper vectors (Harris, 1977(Harris, , 1979. The apparent absence of sites for virus retention and accumulation in the non-vector, D. maidis, provides a plausible explanation for MCDV leafhopper transmission specificity.…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV), the most prevalent and economically important leafhopper-borne pathogen of maize, Zea mays L., in the United States (Gordon & Nault, 1977), is one of the only two leafhopper-borne viruses that are transmitted in a semi-persistent non-circulative rather than circulative manner (Harris, 1979(Harris, , 1983a. The following experiments were conducted to determine where and how MCDV is retained in viruliferous leaf hoppers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The semi-persistence of MCDV and the fact that the probability of transmission, as well as the time during which the vector can inoculate, increases with the duration of the AAFP suggest that MCDV can accumulate in the foregut and resist being quickly dissociated from the vector by egestion or flushing through with virus-free sap ingested from healthy plants (Harris, 1977(Harris, , 1979Harris & Childress, 1981). This reasoning is confirmed both by the findings presented here and an earlier report that, as with aphids (McLean & Kinsey, 1984), the precibarial valve and sucking pump can be coordinated to accommodate normal movement of fluid either into or out of the maxillary food canal .…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Localization of Virus-like Particles in the Foreguts of Viruliferous Graminella nigrifrons Leafhoppers Carrying the Semi-persistent Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus

Childress

Harris

1989

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe leaf hopper Graminella nigrifrons transmits maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) in a semi-persistent manner and loses its ability to inoculate plants following ecdysis. Virus-like particles (VLP) resembling MCDV in purified preparations and in MCDVinfected plants were observed by electron microscopy adhering to the cuticula lining the precibarium, cibarium (sucking pump), pharynx and fore-oesophagus in viruliferous leaf hoppers carrying MCDV. No VLP were observed in the alimentary canal beyond the cardiac valve, in any organ or tissue in the haemocoele, or in the maxillary salivary duct. No VLP were observed associated with the stylet tips or anywhere on the cuticula surfaces of either the mandibular or maxillary stylets. The VLP were not found associated with the cuticula lining of the foregut in a similarly treated non-vector species, Dalbulus maidis, or in vector or non-vector species given either a 48 h acquisition access feeding period on MCDV-infected source plants followed by a 48 h post-acquisition feeding on healthy plants (renders inoculative leaf hoppers non-inoculative) or solely a 48 h feeding on healthy plants. No differences were observed between MCDV-inoculative and non-inoculative Graminella given similar access to virus. The VLP occurred in thin layers or small to large clusters embedded in a lightly stained matrix material (M-material) or a densely stained substrate which, in turn, were apparently attached by M-material to the cuticula. It is thought that the VLP are those of MCDV and that the M-material, which resembles materials previously reported in association with virus-binding sites in the fore alimentary canals of aphid and nematode vectors, functions in binding virus to retention sites on the vector's cuticula.Plant virus transmissions by homopterous insects such as aphids and leaf hoppers may be classified as non-circulative (includes non-persistent and semi-persistent subcategories) and circulative (Harris, 1981(Harris, , 1983b. Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV), the most prevalent and economically important leafhopper-borne pathogen of maize, Zea mays L., in the United States (Gordon & Nault, 1977), is one of the only two leafhopper-borne viruses that are transmitted in a semi-persistent non-circulative rather than circulative manner (Harris, 1979(Harris, , 1983a. The following experiments were conducted to determine where and how MCDV is retained in viruliferous leaf hoppers.The two virus-leaf hopper combinations tested were a Texas isolate of MCDV and its primary vector species Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) or Dalbulus maidis (Delong & Wolcott), a non-vector species. At least 10 young adult Graminella and Dalbulus were examined from each of four treatment groups: group A leaf hoppers were given a 48 h acquisition access feeding period (AAFP) on MCDV-infected maize plants; group B were given a 48 h AAFP followed by a 5 h post-acquisition feeding period on healthy maize (one insect/plant) to test for transmission; group C were given a 48 h AAF...

show abstract

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Localization of Virus-like Particles in the Foreguts of Viruliferous Graminella nigrifrons Leafhoppers Carrying the Semi-persistent Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus

Childress

Harris

1989

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One example of this concerns the vector and virus contribution to the circulative aphid transmission of each genus. In ultrastructural examinations of viruliferous aphids, parallels in the specific association of virions with tissues of the digestive and salivary systems have been established (Harris & Bath, 1972 ;Harris et al, 1975 ;Harris, 1979 ;Demler et al, 1996 ;Gildow, 1987Gildow, , 1990Gildow & Gray, 1993). These observations have been interpreted as evidence of a receptor-mediated transport process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Expression and suppression of circulative aphid transmission in pea enation mosaic virus.

Demler

Rucker-Feeney²,

Skaf³

et al. 1997

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) is composed of two autonomously replicating virus RNAs related to the genomic RNAs of viruses in the generaLuteovirus and Umbravirus. The transmission of PEMV resembles that of its luteovirus relatives in utilizing circulative aphid transmission. However, unlike its luteovirus counterparts, PEMV can also be mechanically transmitted. Prolonged mechanical passage of PEMV can lead to the loss of aphid transmissibility, a trait that is mirrored by specific changes in the PEMV virion composition. These changes were used to examine the virus contribution to vector transmission and the mechanisms by which it is regulated. Using a local lesion isolation technique, one aphid transmissible and two aphid non-transmissible isolates of PEMV were compared. Structural analysis of a 54 kDa minor structural subunit unique to the aphid transmissible isolate

show abstract

Salivary gland transcriptomics of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and comparative analysis with other sap‐sucking insects

Pavithran,

Murugan,

Mannu

et al. 2024

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aphids are sap‐sucking insects responsible for crop losses and a severe threat to crop production. Proteins in the aphid saliva are integral in establishing an interaction between aphids and plants and are responsible for host plant adaptation. The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major pest of Gossypium hirsutum. Despite extensive studies of the salivary proteins of various aphid species, the components of A. gossypii salivary glands are unknown. In this study, we identified 123,008 transcripts from the salivary gland of A. gossypii. Among those, 2933 proteins have signal peptides with no transmembrane domain known to be secreted from the cell upon feeding. The transcriptome includes proteins with more comprehensive functions such as digestion, detoxification, regulating host defenses, regulation of salivary glands, and a large set of uncharacterized proteins. Comparative analysis of salivary proteins of different aphids and other insects with A. gossypii revealed that 183 and 88 orthologous clusters were common in the Aphididae and non‐Aphididae groups, respectively. The structure prediction for highly expressed salivary proteins indicated that most possess an intrinsically disordered region. These results provide valuable reference data for exploring novel functions of salivary proteins in A. gossypii with their host interactions. The identified proteins may help develop a sustainable way to manage aphid pests.

show abstract

Leafhoppers and Aphids as Biological Vectors: Vector-Virus Relationships

Cited by 45 publications

References 318 publications

Localization of Virus-like Particles in the Foreguts of Viruliferous Graminella nigrifrons Leafhoppers Carrying the Semi-persistent Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus

Localization of Virus-like Particles in the Foreguts of Viruliferous Graminella nigrifrons Leafhoppers Carrying the Semi-persistent Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus

Expression and suppression of circulative aphid transmission in pea enation mosaic virus.

Salivary gland transcriptomics of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and comparative analysis with other sap‐sucking insects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About