Leak Detection: Technology and Implementation

Hamilton, Stuart; Charalambous, Bambos

doi:10.26530/oapen_578133

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Fan et al () found that customer consumption changes more slowly with respect to duty cycle when t ∈[0.25,1]. Similarly, Hamilton and Charalambous () report that the total customer consumption reduced by only 15% when the duty cycle was reduced from t =1→0.25 in Limassol, Cyprus. Therefore, in this simple model, daily customer demand (which is not always met) will be considered independent of duty cycle.…”

Section: Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Demand Satisfaction as a Framework for Understanding Intermittent Water Supply Systems

Taylor

Slocum

Whittle

2019

Water Resources Research

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Nearly one billion people worldwide receive water through piped networks that are not continually pressurized and operate intermittently. The prevalence and persistence of these Intermittent Water Supplies (IWS) is surprising as this mode of operation induces water contamination and customer equity issues. Shortages of source water, customers' water demand, and leaking pipes are frequently cited as necessitating IWS. We propose a framework for understanding the persistence and operation of IWS. The supply system is represented by an average customer and a spatially averaged leakage rate. With this macroscopic hydraulic model, we relate customer demand satisfaction, source water availability, customer demand, and leakage. While this approach ignores the complexities of network topology, we find that the model approximates real systems well (calibrating to four intermittent reference networks achieved R2>0.87). The calibrated model is robust to moderate changes in demand and leakage (maintaining R2>0.81). Using the model, we show that the tipping point between satisfied demand and unsatisfied demand is a local optimum for utilities, which may explain the persistence of IWS. Beyond this point, the volume received by customers does not increase, but utilities must supply more water to the network. The generality of the proposed model enables its use when regulating and upgrading IWS. We demonstrate the latter by critiquing a performance‐based contract that was intended to improve an intermittent supply in India. Demand satisfaction has profound implications for hydraulics and human welfare. We propose the degree of demand satisfaction as a metric for evaluating IWS and for tracking the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6.1.

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Section: Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Demand Satisfaction as a Framework for Understanding Intermittent Water Supply Systems

Taylor

Slocum

Whittle

2019

Water Resources Research

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“…In general, there are two categories of leakage detection methods, namely device-based and model-based methods. Among various device-based methods (Hamilton and Charalambous 2013) for finding leaks, step-testing and acoustic noise logging methods are probably the most widely-used. For efficient deployment of resources, it is preferable to have the identification of potential leakage hotspot areas before sending the leakage detection crew into the field to find leaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Leakage Hotspot Detection with Optimized Pressure Logger Placement

Wu¹

2015

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015

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Leakage detection is ongoing and intrinsic issue for all water companies. Based on author's work on model-based leakage hotspot detection and optimization of pressure logger placement, this paper reports a revisit of case study undertaken by United Utilities in UK by using both approach for water loss management. The leak nodes resulting from the leak detection software were cross checked with leak repair data from the field. A comparison between the actual leak locations with the leak nodes was identified by the modelling tools. The difference the density of pressure loggers made between the results is also compared.

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“…These data are used for operational control of the pipeline. They can be used also for detection of unpredictable pipeline depressurization, leakage location and its identification [1,2]. In this connection, we can mention two known methods of leak detection in gas pipelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first one is so called method of negative pressure waves [1][2][3]. The idea of the method is that the sharp pressure jump, emergent at the depressurization point, produces two waves of negative pressure This work was supported by grants of NASU, State registration 0113U007687 and 0116U007435.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another method, called Real Time Transient Modeling (RTTM) [1,2,4] is based on numerical solving of non-stationary boundary value problems of gas dynamics, which model mass, momentum and energy transfer in the pipeline. The functions of boundary conditions for these problems are being obtained on the base of measurements of pressure and flow rate values at the section input and output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mathematical modeling of a small pressure disturbance in gas flow of a long pipeline

Чекурін¹,

Khymko²

2017

Math. Model. Comput.

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A mathematical model for propagation of a small disturbance in the moving gas of a long pipeline has been built in the paper. The model contains two coupled equations, the coefficients of which are expressed via the parameters of the initial process mass density and mass flow rate. In the frame of the model, the influence of parameters of the initial stationary gas flow on propagation of the pulses initiated by a local fluctuation, originated in the stream, was studied numerically. The developed model can be used for quantitative analysis of oscillations of operational regimes of the long-distance pipeline, which are caused by random stream fluctuations and/or operational pulsation of the compressors. The model can be also useful to study negative pressure waves emerging in the pipeline during its local depressurization.

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Leak Detection: Technology and Implementation

Cited by 61 publications

References 2 publications

Demand Satisfaction as a Framework for Understanding Intermittent Water Supply Systems

Demand Satisfaction as a Framework for Understanding Intermittent Water Supply Systems

Model-Based Leakage Hotspot Detection with Optimized Pressure Logger Placement

Mathematical modeling of a small pressure disturbance in gas flow of a long pipeline

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