Texas-based New Braunfels Utilities (NBU) used a range of leak detection equipment manufactured by HWM to build an efficient maintenance program for its distribution network while drastically reducing water loss. The equipment has allowed NBU to conduct scheduled repairs on its pipelines instead of dealing with leaks on an emergency basis. The team began using this equipment to perform preventive maintenance on 750 valves per year and proactively scan the city for non-surfacing leaks. 5.1.5 Results obtained After two years, NBU estimates its average water loss at 1760 litres per kilometre per day, which is less than half the loss rate during the program's first year. "Everyone knows that water is a precious resource and its preservation requires a ton of attention," said NBU Operations and Maintenance Division Manager.
The uncertainty of estimated daily mean discharge is 5% at the 95% confidence interval (Herschy, 1999a). The use of this unique value requires acceptance of the assumption of uniformity of uncertainty within the hydrometric dataset. It is the implicit responsibility of each researcher to challenge this assumption with respect to any given hypothesis test. This paper evaluates this assumption of uniformity for a subset of the hydrometric dataset-low flow in Canada. Studies of low flow phenomena are becoming more prevalent with increasing recognition of the importance of low flows for viable ecosystems and sustainable economies and as a sentinel of change. Environmental and operational circumstances are identified that elevate the opportunity for error with respect to measurement of low flows. These factors are examined qualitatively and are found to exist throughout all steps of the data production process. The uncertainty of low flows in Canada is very likely different from the uncertainty of the global hydrometric dataset. The magnitude of low flow uncertainty remains undefined because no field experiments were conducted as part of this study. It is hoped that these findings will inspire the design of future research needed to overcome this deficiency. Résumé : L'incertitude liée au débit moyen quotidien estimatif est de 5 %, avec un intervalle de confiance à 95 % (Herschy, 1999a). Le recours à cette valeur unique implique l'acceptation du postulat d'uniformité de l'incertitude dans l' ensemble de données hydrométriques. Chaque chercheur a la responsabilité implicite de remettre en question ce postulat dans le contexte d'une vérification d'hypothèse. La présente communication évalue ce postulat d'uniformité pour un sous-ensemble de l' ensemble de données hydrométriques-basses eaux au Canada. Les études portant sur les phénomènes d' étiage (basses eaux) sont de plus en plus répandues étant donné la reconnaissance croissante de l'importance des basses eaux pour la viabilité des écosystèmes et la durabilité des économies, et aussi comme sentinelle du changement. Sont cernées les circonstances environnementales et opérationnelles qui élèvent les possibilités d' erreur relativement à la mesure des basses eaux. Ces facteurs sont examinés qualitativement et, selon les constatations, ils existent à tous les stades du processus de production de données. L'incertitude liée à l' étiage au Canada est fort probablement différente de l'incertitude liée à l' ensemble des données hydrométriques globales. L'ampleur de l'incertitude liée à l' étiage n'a toujours pas été définie car aucune expérience sur le terrain n'a été menée en tant que volet de l' étude. Ces résultats, espère-ton , serviront d'inspiration pour l' élaboration d'une méthodologie de recherche future permettant de surmonter cette lacune.
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