Water Management and Water Loss

Hamilton, Stuart; McKenzie, Ronnie

doi:10.2166/9781780406367

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Automatic meter reading can be utilized to estimate the LNC accurately if already established in the system, which is not the case in Zarqa. The LNC was estimated using the recommended assumptions that 6% of the population in the DMA are active during the MNF time and that water used for a toilet flush [7,19,43] is in the order of 5 litres per flush. Other recommendations e.g., in UK and Germany [43], are not applicable in Zarqa because of differences in the number of people served per connection, the capacity of the toilet flushes, water availability and storage, and the behaviour of water consumption.…”

Section: Leakage Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several applications of MNF analysis in continuous supply systems can be found in the literature [13][14][15]. Accuracy of the flow measurements and other technical considerations for MNF application are presented in Werner, et al [16], Alkasseh, et al [17], Fantozzi and Lambert [18] and Hamilton and McKenzie [19]. Although pressure measurement is important for leakage modelling, monitoring and control [20][21][22][23][24][25], the volume of leakage can still be estimated using the flow and consumption data without the use of pressure gauges [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the Leakage Rate and Reduction Using Minimum Night Flow Analysis in an Intermittent Supply System

AL-Washali

Sharma

Al-Nozaily

et al. 2018

Water

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A significant portion of the water supplied to people doesn’t reach its valid users but instead leaks out of the distribution network, causing water wastage, revenue loss and contamination risks. This paper analyses the leakage rate, leakage components and leakage reduction potential. A minimum night flow (MNF) analysis was carried out on a district metered area (DMA) in an intermittent supply system in Zarqa, Jordan. Leakage was modelled and leakage reduction policies were analysed. Results show that MNF occurs at night or during day time depending on the water levels in customer tanks, implying that one-day MNF analysis cannot be carried out in intermittent supplies and the estimation of the legitimate consumption during MNF is more influential. The potential water savings of the different leakage reduction measures (pressure management; leakage detection; response time minimization) are separately analysed in the existing models in the literature, leading to significant overestimation of the total leakage reduction potential, while these measures are influencing each other. Pressure reduction lowers the failure frequencies but limits the potential of leakage detection surveys, as leaks will become harder to hear and detect. Investigating the inter-dependency relations of these measures is therefore essential for reasonable leakage reduction modelling and planning.

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Section: Leakage Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Leakage Rate and Reduction Using Minimum Night Flow Analysis in an Intermittent Supply System

AL-Washali

Sharma

Al-Nozaily

et al. 2018

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In general, the implementation of intelligent pressure management strategies will be feasible in supply networks with large differences between night and daytime water demands. In areas with low consumption differences, the additional savings might be marginal [20].…”

Section: Water Loss Reduction Due To Pressure Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure management by combining pressure reducing valves and pumps as turbines for water loss reduction and energy recovery

Parra¹,

Krause²

2017

Int. J. SDP

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Conventional pressure reducing valves (PRVs) are often used in water distribution systems for pressure control and water loss reduction. Nevertheless, depending on the conditions in the network, advanced pressure management approaches might be more suitable. In this study, the potential water loss reduction for an intelligent system that combines PRVs and pumps as turbines (PATs) in a pilot study in Germany was estimated. The aim of the proposed system is to recover the pressure energy in the supply network by transforming it into electricity and, at the same time, contribute to the reduction of water losses and material stress. In order to evaluate the pressure situation and predict the water savings of the different pressure management strategies in the studied supply area, hydraulic modelling was used. Using the calibrated model, the optimal outlet pressure for the installed PRV and for the intelligent pressure control system was calculated, taking into account the pressure at the critical point as a boundary condition. Furthermore, the pressure-dependant leakage flow was simulated using the emitter coefficient feature in EPANET. Here, a pressure exponent of 1.5 was used, assuming uniform background leakage along the distribution system. For the analysed network, 28.5% and 45% water savings are expected for the fixed and for the advanced pressure management strategy, respectively. The predicted water savings and the leakage assumptions are to be verified either on field or experimentally. This study concludes that hydraulic modelling is essential for assessing water supply networks, as well as for optimizing current pressure management strategies and predicting its benefits.

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“…Algunos programas que permiten modelar numéricamente un sistema se enumeran a conti- Tsitsifli & Kanakoudis, 2010;Klingel & Knobloch, 2015). Estas herramientas permiten ayudar a las empresas gestoras de los WSSs a evaluar la red y sus pérdidas de agua, así como a planificar intervenciones para la reducción de las mismas (Tsitsifli & Kanakoudis, 2010;Hamilton & McKenzie, 2014;Klingel & Knobloch, 2015).…”

Section: Técnicas No Destructivasunclassified

“…Desde el punto de vista de los altos niveles de desperdicio de agua tratada, para algunos WSSs se estima que las pérdidas de agua en sus redes (i.e. a través de las fugas de agua) es superior al uso real de dicha agua (Hamilton & McKenzie, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análisis, caracterización y modelación 3D de fugas de agua en sistemas de abastecimiento de agua mediante imágenes de GPR

Levario¹,

Janeth²

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The efforts made by the countries in collaboration with world organizations, such as IWA (for International Water Association), UN-Water and WHO (for World Health Organization), to mitigate the environmental impact in the field of urban hydraulics are considered of vital importance. However, the scarcity of water resources in the world increases daily, given by the constant increase in demand in the industrial, agricultural and urban sectors, caused by the population increase and the climate change. Managers of water supply systems (WSSs) are challenged to supply the growing demand of different sectors with sufficient quantity, quality and efficiency and, in turn, reduce waste and misuse of the resource.Focusing this perspective, water leaks are the biggest problem faced by the managers of these utilities. Leaks in a network cause health, shortage, economic and environmental problems. The use of non-destructive inspection techniques favors rapid identification to carry out subsequent repair actions on the network. This work makes use of the GPR (ground penetrating radar) as a non-destructive inspection technique because: it favors the exploration of the ground without causing altera-

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Water Management and Water Loss

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

Modelling the Leakage Rate and Reduction Using Minimum Night Flow Analysis in an Intermittent Supply System

Modelling the Leakage Rate and Reduction Using Minimum Night Flow Analysis in an Intermittent Supply System

Pressure management by combining pressure reducing valves and pumps as turbines for water loss reduction and energy recovery

Análisis, caracterización y modelación 3D de fugas de agua en sistemas de abastecimiento de agua mediante imágenes de GPR

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