Lean Breed Landrace Pigs Harbor Fecal Methanogens at Higher Diversity and Density than Obese Breed Erhualian Pigs

Luo, Yuheng; Su, Yong; Wright, André‐Denis G.; Zhang, Lingli; Smidt, Hauke; Zhu, Weiyun

doi:10.1155/2012/605289

Cited by 58 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The archaeal diversity, however, was much lower with only 3-6 DGGE bands detected in each sample (Figs. 1-4), a finding that is consistent with previous studies of Archaea in swine feces (Cao et al 2012;Luo et al 2012). This was also reflected in the relative abundance of archaeal total 16S rRNA gene copies to total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies, where the concentration of total Archaea was almost 100 times lower than that of total bacteria (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Temporal analysis of the effect of extruded flaxseed on the swine gut microbiota

Holman

Baurhoo²,

Chénier

2014

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Flaxseed is a rich source of α-linolenic acid, an essential ω-3 fatty acid reported to have beneficial health effects in humans. Feeding swine a diet supplemented with flaxseed has been found to enrich pork products with ω-3 fatty acids. However, the effect of flaxseed supplementation on the swine gut microbiota has not been assessed to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate if extruded flaxseed has any impact on the bacterial and archaeal microbiota in the feces of growing-finishing pigs over a 51-day period, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time PCR. Bacterial DGGE profile analysis revealed major temporal shifts in the bacterial microbiota with only minor ones related to diet. The archaeal microbiota was significantly less diverse than that of Bacteria. The majority of bacterial DGGE bands sequenced belonged to the Firmicutes phylum while the archaeal DGGE bands were found to consist of only 2 species, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae. The abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased significantly from day 0 to day 21 in all diet groups while the abundance of Firmicutes was relatively stable across all diet cohorts and sampling times. There was also no significant correlation between pig mass and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. While the addition of extruded flaxseed to the feed of growing-finishing pigs was beneficial for improving ω-3 fatty acid content of pork, it had no detectable impact on the fecal bacterial and archaeal microbiota, suggesting that extruded flaxseed may be used to improve meat quality without adverse effect on the swine gut microbiota or animal performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Temporal analysis of the effect of extruded flaxseed on the swine gut microbiota

Holman

Baurhoo²,

Chénier

2014

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…In the present study, although the diversity of the methanogen populations decreased with the age of the newborn piglets, the numbers of methanogens increased significantly and reached 10 9 copies of 16S rRNA gene per gram of faeces, which is similar to values observed for faeces of grown pigs and suckling piglets before weaning [8]. Combined with the results of diversity and taxonomic composition, this result suggests that a stable methanogenic community is established in the gut of piglets at the age of 14 days.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Early Methanogenic Colonisation in the Faeces of Meishan and Yorkshire Piglets as Determined by Pyrosequencing Analysis

Bian

Zhu

et al. 2014

Archaea

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Gut methanogenic archaea of monogastric animals are considered to be related to energy metabolism and adipose deposition of the host; however, information on their development in young piglets is limited. Thus, to investigate early methanogenic colonisation in the faeces of Meishan and Yorkshire piglets, faecal samples were collected from piglets at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after birth and used to analyse the methanogenic community with 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Results showed that the diversity of the methanogenic community in the faeces of neonatal piglets decreased from one to 14 days of age, as the total methanogen populations increased. The age of piglets, but not the breed, significantly affected the diversity of the methanogenic community which was dominated by the genus Methanobrevibacter. From the ages of one to 14 days, the abundance of M. smithii-related operational taxonomic units (OTUs) increased significantly, while the abundances of M. thaueri- and M. millerae-related OTUs decreased significantly. The substitution of M. smithii for M. thaueri/M. millerae was faster in Yorkshire piglets than in Meishan piglets. These results suggest that the early establishment of microbiota in neonatal piglets is accompanied by dramatic changes in the methanogenic community, and that the changes vary among pigs of different genotypes.

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“…However, it is unclear whether the fungal community in the GI tract of pigs is also affected by these factors. Our previous research showed that the gut bacterial (Diao et al, 2016) and archaeal (Luo et al, 2012) profile in the gut of pigs among different breeds were very distinct, indicating a potential relationship between the microbial compositions in swine gut and the different genotypes or phenotypes. However, so far no evidence has been shown in regards to the variation of fungal community in the GI tract of these pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fungal community and its interaction with the concentration of short‐chain fatty acids in the faeces of Chenghua, Yorkshire and Tibetan pigs

Chen

et al. 2019

Microbial Biotechnology

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Summary Despite their important roles in host nutrition and metabolism, and potential to cause disease, our knowledge of the fungal community in the mammalian gut is quite limited. To date, diversity and composition of fungi in swine gut still remains unknown. Therefore, the first internal transcribed spacer of fungi in faecal samples from three breeds of pigs (10 pigs for each breed) was sequenced based on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the relationship between the fungal community and the concentrations of main short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also analysed. Results indicated that Chenghua (local, higher body fat rate), Yorkshire (foreign, higher lean meat and growth rate) and Tibetan (plateau, stronger disease resistance) pigs harboured distinct fungal community. The Basidiomycota and Ascomycota presented as the two predominant phyla, with Loreleia, Russula and Candida as the top three genera in all samples. Network analysis revealed a total of 35 correlations among different fungal genera, with 27 (77.14%) positive and 8 (22.86%) negative pairwise interactions. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that fungi in the faeces of pigs were more correlated to the concentration of acetate and butyrate rather than propionate. Spearman’s correlation further showed that Tomentella was positively correlated to both acetate and butyrate, and Loreleia was positively correlated to propionate (P < 0.05), while Nephroma and Taiwanofungus were negatively correlated to acetate and propionate (P < 0.05). These findings expanded our knowledge on the intestinal fungi in pigs with different genotypes and phenotypes, indicating that fungi may play an indispensable role during the metabolism of host and the maintenance of intestinal health. The cross‐feeding between fungi and other microorganisms may be crucial during the digestion of dietary carbohydrates and the associated physiological processes, which is worthy to be further studied.

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Lean Breed Landrace Pigs Harbor Fecal Methanogens at Higher Diversity and Density than Obese Breed Erhualian Pigs

Cited by 58 publications

References 50 publications

Temporal analysis of the effect of extruded flaxseed on the swine gut microbiota

Temporal analysis of the effect of extruded flaxseed on the swine gut microbiota

Early Methanogenic Colonisation in the Faeces of Meishan and Yorkshire Piglets as Determined by Pyrosequencing Analysis

The fungal community and its interaction with the concentration of short‐chain fatty acids in the faeces of Chenghua, Yorkshire and Tibetan pigs

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