“…Facts in previous research reveal that teachers still have a low level of maturity in mastering digital technology (Mutohhari, Sofyan, & Nurtanto, 2021;Zimmer, McTigue, & Matsuda, 2021). Moreover, currently, teachers are required to use technology in the era of online learning (Amiti, 2020;Cloonan et al, 2020;Garad, Al-Ansi, & Qamari, 2021;Silalahi, 2020). Online learning has become an obligation during the COVID-19 pandemic (Ariebowo, 2021;Jogezai et al, 2021;Yustina, Syafii, & Vebrianto, 2020).…”