“…It is worth noting that most of the current studies for the ERE task focus on exploiting mono-lingual data (e.g. in English), although cross-lingual learning has achieved great improvements on a variety of tasks, which include sentiment analysis (Ahmad et al , 2020; Deriu et al , 2017), information retrieval (Litschko et al , 2019), semantic role labelling (Mulcaire et al , 2018), question answering (Rettinger et al , 2015), dependency parsing (Tran and Bisazza, 2019), entity linking (Upadhyay et al , 2018) and so on. According to the essence of the knowledge which has been transferred between different languages, the cross-lingual paradigms could be categorized into three approaches, that is, instance/label transfer (Gfeller et al , 2016), model transfer (Fei et al , 2020) and representation transfer (Litschko et al , 2019; Masumura et al , 2018).…”