Learning a Spatial Task by Trial and Error in Drosophila

Stern, Ulrich; Srivastava, Hemant; Chen, Hsueh-Ling; Mohammad, Farhan; Claridge‐Chang, Adam; Yang, Chung-Hui

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.045

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Each fly experienced only one stimulation probability condition and all flies were initially loaded into the center of the arena. Similar to previous studies [28][29][30], we observed clear effects of the light stimulation on behavior.…”

Section: Place Preference Depends On Optogenetic Stimulation Probabilsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Therefore, we concluded that flies respond to optical stimulation by stopping and reversing their walking direction (turning). This behaviour is similar to local searches [31] previously described as a behavioural response to rewarding stimuli [29,30] and suggested that the stimulation in our experiments was also rewarding.…”

Section: Optogenetic Stimulation Triggers Local Search Behavioursupporting

confidence: 90%

“…We also saw a positive correlation of returns with the experienced reward rate (Fig 2C), resulting in correlations between rewards and choices (S4C Fig) for different probability conditions. This result suggests that flies accumulate values over rewarded trials as proposed by a previous study [29]. However, our optical stimulation protocol might sensitize or desensitize activated neurons to subsequent stimulations, thus masking the internal value accumulation process.…”

Section: Flies Return To the Rewarded Location As A Function Of Rewarsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…This may have masked some behavioural strategies that are only manifested in 2D. This is difficult to know with our current task design, but at least one study that used a 2D arena with a closed loop optogenetic stimulation arrived at similar conclusions [29]. We also considered the angle of walking direction as a function of is characterized by a narrow angular distribution, while the more curved path 2) has a broader angular distribution.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 98%

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Reward foraging task and model-based analysis reveal how fruit flies learn value of available options

et al. 2020

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Foraging animals have to evaluate, compare and select food patches in order to increase their fitness. Understanding what drives foraging decisions requires careful manipulation of the value of alternative options while monitoring animals choices. Value-based decisionmaking tasks in combination with formal learning models have provided both an experimental and theoretical framework to study foraging decisions in lab settings. While these approaches were successfully used in the past to understand what drives choices in mammals, very little work has been done on fruit flies. This is despite the fact that fruit flies have served as model organism for many complex behavioural paradigms. To fill this gap we developed a single-animal, trial-based decision making task, where freely walking flies experienced optogenetic sugar-receptor neuron stimulation. We controlled the value of available options by manipulating the probabilities of optogenetic stimulation. We show that flies integrate reward history of chosen options and forget value of unchosen options. We further discover that flies assign higher values to rewards experienced early in the behavioural session, consistent with formal reinforcement learning models. Finally, we also show that the probabilistic rewards affect walking trajectories of flies, suggesting that accumulated value is controlling the navigation vector of flies in a graded fashion. These findings establish the fruit fly as a model organism to explore the genetic and circuit basis of reward foraging decisions.

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Section: Place Preference Depends On Optogenetic Stimulation Probabilsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Optogenetic Stimulation Triggers Local Search Behavioursupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Flies Return To the Rewarded Location As A Function Of Rewarsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 98%

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Reward foraging task and model-based analysis reveal how fruit flies learn value of available options

et al. 2020

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“…3), and protein hunger only starts to influence male food choice much later (Ribeiro and Dickson, 2010). It also needs to be taken into account that food association in the Panopticon is not formed with odours but with place, and associations of spatial features involve the central complex (Liu et al, 2006;Stern et al, 2019); it is equally possible that plastic changes in this structure contribute to the observed location preference. In a place learning assay, the unavoidability of an aversive heat stimulus can boost its reinforcing propensities (Sitaraman and Zars, 2010); it is feasible that the same is the case for unavoidable starvation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-lasting impact of starvation experience on fly activity and place preference

Mahishi

Triphan

Hesse

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Animal behaviours are demonstrably governed by sensory stimulation, previous experience and internal states like hunger. With increasing hunger, priorities shift towards foraging and feeding. During foraging, flies are known to employ efficient path integration strategies. However, general long-term activity patterns for both hungry and satiated flies in conditions of foraging remain to be better understood. Similarly, little is known about how chronic contact chemosensory stimulation affects locomotion. To address these questions, we have developed a novel, simplistic fly activity tracking setup – the Panopticon. Using a 3D-printed Petri dish inset, our assay allows recording of walking behaviour, of several flies in parallel, with all arena surfaces covered by a uniform substrate layer. We tested two constellations of providing food: i) in single patches, and ii) omnipresent within the substrate layer. Fly tracking is done with FIJI, further assessment, analysis and presentation is done with a custom-built MATLAB analysis framework. We find that starvation history leads to a long-lasting reduction in locomotion, as well as a delayed place preference for food patches not driven by immediate hunger motivation.

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Flexible navigational computations in the Drosophila central complex

Fisher

2022

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

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Learning a Spatial Task by Trial and Error in Drosophila

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Reward foraging task and model-based analysis reveal how fruit flies learn value of available options

Reward foraging task and model-based analysis reveal how fruit flies learn value of available options

Long-lasting impact of starvation experience on fly activity and place preference

Flexible navigational computations in the Drosophila central complex

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