“…In fact, the findings of various studies differ markedly. Some studies have shown the benefits of using IVR for enhanced academic performance over traditional educational settings when comparing the learning outcomes in both of these environments (Chiquet, Martarelli, Weibel, & Mast, 2023;Liu, Wang, Koszalka, & Wan, 2022). Although such results are predominant, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that learning achievements are not affected by the medium used (Behmadi, Asadi, Okhovati, & Ershad Sarabi, 2022;Makransky, Andreasen, Baceviciute, & Mayer, 2021, Experiment 1) and some studies have even found that IVR may lead to reduced learning effects as compared to other media (Makransky et al, 2021, Experiment 2;Parong & Mayer, 2021).…”