Work-related learning plays a major role in initial and ongoing competence development.It implies human change or growth that occurs primarily in activities and contexts of work (Fenwick, 2001). It is integrated in work activities, tacit, predominantly unstructured, experiential, and social (Eraut, 2000;Marsick & Watkins, 1990, 2003. The debate about work-related learning has grown as organizational leaders increase their focus on learning in organizations as a way of improving organizational performance (Rainbird, Fuller, & Munro, 2004). Organizational leaders recognize that to compete effectively they must take action in the workplace practice that helps them learn from their experience, influence the learning of others, and create a learning environment.The field of human resource development has a relatively rich history of examining formal work-related learning programs, such as mentoring, learning projects, and coaching (Ellström, 2001;McLean, 2005). However, our understanding of informal work-related learning is far less. We know little about how workplace practices meet the characteristics of a powerful learning environment. In other words, the interplay between 2 work-related learning and the context in which it occurs has been a largely unexamined area of inquiry (Ellinger, 2005).Because there is a great deal of focus on the need to promote informal workrelated learning in the contemporary workplace for organizational performance, this study focuses on specific types of work-related learning in relation to characteristics of workplace practice. The idea is that if we better understand work-related learning and the kind of characteristics that influence the types of informal work-related learning, new ways to facilitate and nurture work-related learning will be found that can contribute to individual and organizational performance.This study seeks to advance our knowledge about the effects of characteristics of workplace practice on deliberate and spontaneous kinds of work-related learning. Prior research has found workplace characteristics to relate to critical reflective work behavior (Van Woerkom, 2003). The current study extends that research by examining effects of workplace characteristics on a broader range of types of work-related learning.Therefore we conducted a large-scale study to empirically test these effects. Previous studies have mainly used small-scale qualitative designs to investigate the connections between characteristics of the workplace practice and learning at work (Billett, 2002; Fuller & Unwin, 2004a; Ellinger, 2005). Little large-scale research exists to confirm these assertions.
Informal Work-Related LearningWork-related learning does not take place within or follow from a formally organized learning program or event but instead happens explicitly and implicitly via various work- Argyris and Schön (1996). Marsick and Watkins (1990) addressed the importance of intentional reflection for action to explicate the implicit learning. We follow Marsick and Watkins in the idea of ...