“…The majority of reviewed studies have developed their own systems to provide adaptivity such as MAS-PLANG [68], AES-CS [77], INSPIRE [13], POLCA [51][102], ADOPTA [46], iWeaver [103][31], WELSA [4], ALS-LSCS [104], SAVER [12], LS-AEHS [73] and Oscar [105] due to the ease of building a system which consider such traits from scratch than incorporating them in a system which has been built for offering a classic e-learning. However, the most popular open source Learning Management System (LMS) Moodle has been also extended in some studies in order to generalise the benefits of LS-BAEHSs [57] [110], whereas, the rest have investigated the impacts of LS on other systems' aspects which relate to adaptation process such as assessing the synergy between LS and students' achievement or exploring the relationship between students' behaviour and LS in webbased learning systems. These studies have adopted different LS models and confirmed that there is a statistical significance of delivering learning materials which match students' LS on their achievement [111] [115] have to be interpreted with caution if they are compared with the opposite results of a host of studies that used similar evaluation approaches and sample.…”