This literature review explores the historical development of ICT in Irish postprimary/secondary schools and examines how the education system has responded to the various ICT initiatives and policy changes. The review has found that despite national policy and significant ICT initiatives, it appears that the use of computer technology has instead evolved independent of these changes. The various policy nudges throughout the past three decades have had limited impact on the nature of its use. The predominant use of the technology lies within discrete informatics subjects, which tend to focus on learning about the technology rather than learning with it. Future ICT policy needs to be cognisant of the past, particularly how national ICT initiatives are mediated within schools and the powerful influence of the prevailing ICT culture on external ICT initiatives.
IntroductionThe evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has placed continuous pressure on schools to 'modernise' and benefit from their educational potential. Ottesen (2006) argues that expectations of ICT are high both at a policy and institutional level. At a policy level its importance in sustaining competitiveness in the global economy is stressed; at an institutional level it is seen as a potential catalyst for change in education. Beliefs about the influence of ICT on existing pedagogy are quite prominent. Provenzo, Brett and McCloskey (1999) argue that there are a number of questions teachers using technology should ask, they include: how does the computer change the ecology of the classroom and the school? How does it change learning? How does it change instruction? This view of ICT as a catalyst for pedagogical change fails to consider the alternative perspective, that is, rather than asking how ICT changes pedagogy we should perhaps consider how existing pedagogy changes ICT? (Loveless, DeVoogd and Bohlin, 2001).