Lectin Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells

Brown, Gordon D.; Crocker, Paul R.

doi:10.1128/9781555819194.ch25

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 331 publications

(344 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, siglec binding to Sia deliver inhibitory signals to dampen immune cell activation. 56,58,59 Yet, some siglecs have rather activating roles through their association with DAP12 adaptor containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). 60 Hence, Sia recognition by host receptors is a powerful tool for "self" vs "non-self" discrimination that is translated into appropriate immune responses.…”

Section: Recep Tor-med Iated B I Olog I C Al Role S Of S Iali C Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of sialic acids: Implications in xenotransplant biology

Paul

Padler‐Karavani

2018

Xenotransplantation

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All living cells are covered with a dense "sugar-coat" of carbohydrate chains (glycans) conjugated to proteins and lipids. The cell surface glycome is determined by a non-template driven process related to the collection of enzymes that assemble glycans in a sequential manner. In mammals, many of these glycans are topped with sialic acids (Sia), a large family of acidic sugars. The "Sialome" is highly diverse owing to various Sia types, linkage to underlying glycans, range of carriers, and complex spatial organization. Presented at the front of cells, Sia play a major role in immunity and recognition of "self" versus "non-self," largely mediated by the siglecs family of Sia-binding host receptors. Albeit many mammalian pathogens have evolved to hijack this recognition system to avoid host immune attack, presenting a fascinating host-pathogen evolutionary arms race. Similarly, cancer cells exploit Sia for their own survival and propagation. As part of this ongoing fitness, humans lost the ability to synthesize the Sia type N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), in contrast to other mammals. While this loss had provided an advantage against certain pathogens, humans are continuously exposed to Neu5Gc through mammalian-derived diet (eg, red meat), consequently generating a complex immune response against it. Circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies together with Neu5Gc on some human tissues mediate chronic inflammation "xenosialitis" that exacerbate various human diseases (eg, cancer and atherosclerosis). Similarly, Neu5Gc-containing xenografts are exposed to human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies with implications to sustainability. This review aimed to provide a glimpse into the evolution of Sia and their implications to xenotransplantation.

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Section: Recep Tor-med Iated B I Olog I C Al Role S Of S Iali C Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of sialic acids: Implications in xenotransplant biology

Paul

Padler‐Karavani

2018

Xenotransplantation

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“…Dectin‐1 (CLEC‐7A) is one of the best characterised CLRs in mice and in humans and is predominantly expressed on myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils . Dectin‐1 is also expressed by B cells in humans and by some subsets of T cells .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two major isoforms of Dectin‐1 (one of which lacks the stalk region), and these show cell (and mouse strain) specific patterns of expression. Dectin‐1 recognises β‐glucans, carbohydrates commonly found in the cell walls of plants and fungi, but has also been reported to recognise tropomyosin (found in arthropods) and unidentified ligand(s) in mycobacteria and Leishmania . Several endogenous ligands have also been identified including vimentin, galactosylated immunoglobulins, and galectins .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). Signalling from Dectin‐1 can induce or regulate numerous cellular responses, including phagocytosis, the respiratory burst, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, autophagy, DC maturation and antigen presentation, inflammasome activation (including the NLRP3 and the non‐canonical caspase‐8 inflammasomes), and the production of eicosanoids, cytokines, and chemokines . Dectin‐1 is also capable of modulating the cellular responses induced by other pathogen pattern recognition receptors, can directly induce innate immune memory, and influence the development of CD4 and CD8 T cells and B cell responses .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, through its ability to recognise β‐1,3‐linked glucan, Dectin‐1 is required to drive protective host responses to many pathogenic fungal species, including Aspergillus, Candida, Pneumocystis , although its involvement may depend on particular strains of these organisms. Importantly, in humans, polymorphisms of Dectin‐1 are associated with increased susceptibility to fungal disease . The functions of Dectin‐1 are also important for maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis and can exacerbate the severity of colitis, through recognition specific fungi in the microbiota as well as food derived β‐glucans .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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C‐type lectin receptors of the Dectin‐1 cluster: Physiological roles and involvement in disease

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are essential for multicellular existence, having diverse functions ranging from embryonic development to immune function. One subgroup of CLRs is the Dectin-1 cluster, comprising of seven receptors including MICL, CLEC-2, CLEC-12B, CLEC-9A, MelLec, Dectin-1, and LOX-1. Reflecting the larger CLR family, the Dectin-1 cluster of receptors has a broad range of ligands and functions, but importantly, is involved in numerous pathophysiological processes that regulate health and disease. Indeed, these receptors have been implicated in development, infection, regulation of inflammation, allergy, transplantation tolerance, cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. In this mini-review, we discuss the latest advancements in elucidating the function(s) of each of the Dectin-1 cluster CLRs, focussing on their physiological roles and involvement in disease. encoded in the same locus in both the mouse and human genome [2] (Fig. 1). The receptors in this cluster are of particular interest, as they were the first signalling CLRs to be identified on myeloid cells, and none appear to require calcium to recognise their ligands. These receptors, which include MICL, CLEC-2, CLEC-12B, CLEC-9A, MelLec, Dectin-1 and LOX-1 (ordered based on genomic location), are involved in a broad range of physiological activities, from embryonic development to immunity. Importantly, the knowledge we are gaining from these receptors is opening exciting new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. This mini-review, an update on our previous review of the Dectin-1 cluster [2], is aimed to provide an overview of each of these receptors, focusing on research published since 2016, highlighting the recent advancements made uncovering their functions.

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Cellular and molecular actors of myeloid cell fusion: podosomes and tunneling nanotubes call the tune

Dufrançais

Mascarau

Poincloux

et al. 2021

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Different types of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) of myeloid origin have been described; osteoclasts are the most extensively studied because of their importance in bone homeostasis. MGCs are formed by cell-to-cell fusion, and most types have been observed in pathological conditions, especially in infectious and non-infectious chronic inflammatory contexts. The precise role of the different MGCs and the mechanisms that govern their formation remain poorly understood, likely due to their heterogeneity. First, we will introduce the main populations of MGCs derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We will then discuss the known molecular actors mediating the early stages of fusion, focusing on cell-surface receptors involved in the cell-to-cell adhesion steps that ultimately lead to multinucleation. Given that cell-to-cell fusion is a complex and well-coordinated process, we will also describe what is currently known about the evolution of F-actin-based structures involved in macrophage fusion, i.e., podosomes, zipper-like structures, and tunneling nanotubes (TNT). Finally, the localization and potential role of the key fusion mediators related to the formation of these F-actin structures will be discussed. This review intends to present the current status of knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting multinucleation of myeloid cells, highlighting the gaps still existing, and contributing to the proposition of potential disease-specific MGC markers and/or therapeutic targets.

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Lectin Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells

Cited by 11 publications

References 331 publications

Evolution of sialic acids: Implications in xenotransplant biology

Evolution of sialic acids: Implications in xenotransplant biology

C‐type lectin receptors of the Dectin‐1 cluster: Physiological roles and involvement in disease

Cellular and molecular actors of myeloid cell fusion: podosomes and tunneling nanotubes call the tune

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