“…A comprehensive TTE study that included M-mode, two-dimensional, continuous-wave, pulsed-wave, and color flow Doppler echocardiography was performed, as described previously. 15 Aortic root diameter at the sinus of Valsalva was measured according to the current convention at end-diastole in the parasternal long-axis view that showed the maximum diameter parallel to the aortic annular plane. [16][17][18] Vivid E9 (GE Healthcare, Horten, Norway), an Artida (Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan), SONOS 4500/5500 (Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA, USA), or iE33 (Philips Healthcare) ultrasound machines were used for TTE examinations.…”